Abstract: This disclosure provides methods for measuring the copy number for highly amplified and/or abundant genomic loci. Recognized herein is a need for methods for determining nucleic acid copy number, particularly in instances where one locus to be quantified (i.e., the target) is relatively more abundant than a locus of known abundance (i.e., the reference). In some cases, the method involves combining a query nucleic acid sample with a diluting nucleic acid sample and measuring the relative copy number of a target sequence compared with a reference sequence in the combined sample.

Abstract: A method for alleviating urinary incontinence, by administering to a subject, including, but not limited to, climacteric women, a therapeutically effective amount of an anticholinergic agent. The anticholinergic agent may be an anti-muscarinic agent, and preferably, the anti-muscarinic agent may be homatropine, including its methylbromide salt.