Abstract: A single crystal spinel wafer is disclosed, including a front face and a back face; and an outer periphery having first and second flats. In certain embodiments, the single crystal wafer has a specific crystallographic orientation, and the flats are provided to extend along desired plane sets. The flats may advantageously identify orientation of cleavage planes, and direction of cleavage of cleavage planes.

Abstract: Single crystal spinel boules, wafers, substrates and active devices including same are disclosed. In one embodiment, such articles have reduced mechanical stress and/or strain represented by improved yield rates.

Abstract: An optical lens element is disclosed, formed of single crystal spinel material, the optical element having an optical transmittance of not less than 75%. Also, a lithographic patterning apparatus is disclosed, including a radiation source and a mask having a pattern arranged downstream of the radiation source, the mask receiving radiation to provide a patterned beam. Further, a projection optic for projecting the patterned beam onto a substrate is provided, the projection optic having multiple optical lens elements, at least one of which is comprised of single crystal spinel material, and a substrate table for receiving the substrate is provided. In addition, methods for processing semiconductor devices are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel nonlinear optical materials are described having the general formula 5MxM?yScz(BO3)4 where M and M? are metals, typically rare earth metals, and the sum of x, y, and z is about four. One example of such a material is La0.7Y0.3SC3(BO3)4. Exemplary crystalline materials according to the general formula exhibit useful optical characteristics and desirable physical properties for nonlinear optical applications. Novel compositions and devices using the nonlinear optical materials also are described.

Abstract: Single crystal spinel boules, wafers, substrates and active devices including same are disclosed. In one embodiment, such articles have reduced mechanical stress and/or strain represented by improved yield rates.

Abstract: A single crystal spinel wafer is disclosed, including a front face and a back face; and an outer periphery having first and second flats. In certain embodiments, the single crystal wafer has a specific crystallographic orientation, and the flats are provided to extend along desired plane sets. The flats may advantageously identify orientation of cleavage planes, and direction of cleavage of cleavage planes.

Abstract: A single crystal spinel material is disclosed, the material having a non-stoichiometric composition and having a transparency window over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. According to an embodiment, the transparency window is defined as the largest single absorptivity peak height along the wavelength range to be not greater than 0.35 cm?1.

Abstract: Single crystal spinel boules, wafers, substrates and active devices including same are disclosed. In one embodiment, such articles have reduced mechanical stress and/or strain represented by improved yield rates.