Abstract: Some embodiments include a mixture for use as liquid sorbent for methanol or methanol and water in methanol synthesis using carbon monoxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as synthesis reactants. The mixture comprises I) a component A) in the form of at least one salt and at least one component B) selected from the group consisting of: B1) a salt of an anion and one, two, or three of the cations of salt A), wherein the number of cations corresponds to an absolute value of a charge number of the respective anion; B2) a salt comprising one or more bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions and another component, wherein a number of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions corresponds to an absolute value of a charge number of the respective metal cation; and B3) a zwitterionic compound.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a reactor comprising: a reaction chamber having a lower region defining a sorbent collection zone; a first feed device supplying reactants to the reaction chamber; a second feed device supplying a liquid sorbent to the reaction chamber; a discharge device connected to the sorbent collection zone for removing sorbent from the sorbent collection zone; and a cooling device for cooling the sorbent in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to converting equilibrium-limited reactions. Various embodiments may include methods and apparatus for such reactions, such as a method for converting equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: delivering a catalyst material to a reaction zone of a reactor; delivering starting materials into the reaction zone; reacting the materials to form a product; introducing a sorbent into the reactor; taking up the products with the sorbent; and collecting the sorbent once it is loaded with products in a collection zone of the reactor. In some embodiment, the reaction zone is separated from the collection zone in the reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to chemical synthesis. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for chemical synthesis and/or reactors for synthesis. The teaching may increase the conversion of equilibrium-limited reactions in a single pass through a synthesis reactor. For example, a method may include: introducing a synthesis reactant into a reaction chamber with a prevailing pressure p1; forming a synthesis product; discharging the product and any unreacted reactant; separating the product from the unreacted reactant; and introducing the unreacted reactant into a second reaction chamber with a prevailing pressure p2 lower than the pressure p1.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a mixture for use as liquid sorbent for methanol or methanol and water in methanol synthesis using carbon monoxide and hydrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as synthesis reactants. The mixture comprises I) a component A) in the form of at least one salt and at least one component B) selected from the group consisting of: B1) a salt of an anion and one, two, or three of the cations of salt A), wherein the number of cations corresponds to an absolute value of a charge number of the respective anion; B2) a salt comprising one or more bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions and another component, wherein a number of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions corresponds to an absolute value of a charge number of the respective metal cation; and B3) a zwitterionic compound.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a reactor for carrying out equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: a reaction chamber for receiving a catalyst; a sorption chamber for receiving a sorption agent; a feedstock feeding device; a sorption agent feeding device; and a gas-permeable element separating the reaction chamber from the sorption chamber, wherein the gas-permeable element repels particles of the sorption agent.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a reactor for implementation of equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: a reaction space; a reactant feed; an outlet for reaction products; a device for accommodating catalyst material; and a stirrer device comprising: a hollow shaft with a gas inlet opening at one end of the hollow shaft; a first stirrer paddle with gas exit orifices mounted on the hollow shaft; and a second stirrer paddle mounted on the hollow shaft proximate the device for accommodating the catalyst material.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a reactor for implementation of equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: a reaction space; a reactant feed; an outlet for reaction products; a device for accommodating catalyst material; and a stirrer device comprising: a hollow shaft with a gas inlet opening at one end of the hollow shaft; a first stirrer paddle with gas exit orifices mounted on the hollow shaft; and a second stirrer paddle mounted on the hollow shaft proximate the device for accommodating the catalyst material.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a reactor comprising: a reaction chamber having a lower region defining a sorbent collection zone; a first feed device supplying reactants to the reaction chamber; a second feed device supplying a liquid sorbent to the reaction chamber; a discharge device connected to the sorbent collection zone for removing sorbent from the sorbent collection zone; and a cooling device for cooling the sorbent in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a reactor for carrying out equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: a reaction chamber for receiving a catalyst; a sorption chamber for receiving a sorption agent; a feedstock feeding device; a sorption agent feeding device; and a gas-permeable element separating the reaction chamber from the sorption chamber, wherein the gas-permeable element repels particles of the sorption agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating formic acid from a reaction mixture which comprises, in addition to formic acid, a polyoxometalate ion of general formula [PMoxVyO40]n?, where 6?x?11, 1?y?6, x+y=12 and 3<n<10, where n, x and y are each integers, wherein the separation occurs by means of an extraction using a linear primary alcohol, wherein the carbon chain of the alcohol comprises 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and the reaction mixture is present in a protic solvent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to converting equilibrium-limited reactions. Various embodiments may include methods and apparatus for such reactions, such as a method for converting equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: delivering a catalyst material to a reaction zone of a reactor; delivering starting materials into the reaction zone; reacting the materials to form a product; introducing a sorbent into the reactor; taking up the products with the sorbent; and collecting the sorbent once it is loaded with products in a collection zone of the reactor. In some embodiment, the reaction zone is separated from the collection zone in the reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to chemical synthesis. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for chemical synthesis and/or reactors for synthesis. The teaching may increase the conversion of equilibrium-limited reactions in a single pass through a synthesis reactor. For example, a method may include: introducing a synthesis reactant into a reaction chamber with a prevailing pressure p1; forming a synthesis product; discharging the product and any unreacted reactant; separating the product from the unreacted reactant; and introducing the unreacted reactant into a second reaction chamber with a prevailing pressure p2 lower than the pressure p1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating formic acid from a reaction mixture which comprises, in addition to formic acid, a polyoxometalate ion of general formula [PMoxVyO40]n, where 6#x#11, 1#y#6, x+y=12 and 3<n<10, where n, x and y are each integers, wherein the separation occurs by means of an extraction using a linear primary alcohol, wherein the carbon chain of the alcohol comprises 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and the reaction mixture is present in a protic solvent.