Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for encoding information by valley polarization in a material using an electromagnetic field. The method comprises the steps of providing a material, and applying the electromagnetic field onto the material, wherein the electromagnetic field possesses an m-fold symmetry and the real-space lattice structure or real-space sub-lattice structure of the material possesses an n-fold symmetry, wherein the symmetry of the electromagnetic field corresponds to the symmetry of the real-space lattice structure or real-space sub-lattice structure of the material in such a way that n is an integer multiple of m, and wherein the electromagnetic field induces and/or manipulates valley polarization in the bandstructure of the material. The present disclosure further provides a device for generating an electromagnetic field suitable for inducing and/or manipulating valley polarization in a multilayer material.

Abstract: Pulsed light source comprising pulse generation means (1), such as an optical oscillator, whose output is divided into three arms: two arms (3, 4) to generate a CEP-stable, ultrabroadband idler output; and a third arm (5) to generate a narrowband pump output. The pump output and idler output seed an OPCPA (13), generating stable ultrashort pulses.

Abstract: Pulsed light source comprising pulse generation means (1), such as an optical oscillator, whose output is divided into three arms: two arms (3, 4) to generate a CEP-stable, ultrabroadband idler output; and a third arm (5) to generate a narrowband pump output. The pump output and idler output seed an OPCPA (13), generating stable ultrashort pulses.