Abstract: The present invention provides processes and systems for treating biomass and, e.g., making biofuels, such as bioethanol, from the biomass.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the treatment of a starch-based feedstock. The processes include mixing together a starch-based feedstock and a working fluid to form a slurry, hydrating the starch-based feedstock with the working fluid, adding an enzyme to the slurry, pumping the slurry into a substantially constant diameter passage of a fluid mover, and injecting a high velocity transport fluid into the slurry through one or more nozzles communicating with the passage, thereby further hydrating the starch-based feedstock and activating the starch content of the slurry. Apparatuses for carrying out such processes are also provided. Processes for converting a feedstock to a polysaccharide and systems for producing ethanol using the processes and apparatuses of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes and systems for treating biomass and, e.g., making biofuels, such as bioethanol, from the biomass.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparation of a bath (15) for processing photographic material comprises a tank (14) adapted for holding the bath, a container (18) for holding a feedstock fluid and a separator (1) in fluid communication with the container to receive feedstock fluid from the container. The separator comprises a fluid inlet port (2), a liquid outlet (4), a vent opening (3) and means adapted for separating liquid and gas by a cyclone action. The separator provides a manifold for merging inlet flow connections from several containers. The invention provides an apparatus, a method, a manifold, and a use of a manifold.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining a flowable material comprises a tube having an opening for receiving material and an opening for discharging material. Further, the tube comprises a segment adapted for making measurements. Adjacent the tube section there is a measuring device having a light source on one side for transmitting light into the segment and a light receiver on the opposite side to measure the effect upon the light of a material placed in the segment. At the beam path between the light source and the light receiver, the walls of the tube segment are made of a material being translucent or transparent to the range of light wavelengths to be examined. A recording unit connected to the measuring device records individual measurement values or sets of same on material placed in the tube segment.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining a flowable material comprises a tube having an opening for receiving material and an opening for discharging material. Further, the tube comprises a segment adapted for making measurements. Adjacent the tube section there is a measuring device having a light source on one side for transmitting light into the segment and a light receiver on the opposite side to measure the effect upon the light of a material placed in the segment. At the beam path between the light source and the 36 light receiver, the walls of the tube segment are made of a material being translucent or transparent to the range of light wavelengths to be examined. A recording unit connected to the measuring device records individual measurement values or sets of same on material placed in the tube segment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of mixing inhomogeneous flowable food material, fodder material, or pharmaceutical material in a tank provided with mixing devices. The method comprises measuring and registering the content of one or a number of components in samples taken from the material in the tank.