Abstract: A method analyzes the energy use during an operation of a production system containing machines and supply equipment having an energy demand that can be determined and planning apparatuses for the work orders to be carried out by the machines. The energy-related parameters of the machines are determined and divided into representative load spectra by an energy control unit. Energy recovery values to be expected on average depending on the media are assigned to the load spectra. The respective time fractions of the load spectra for possible work orders and machine combinations are determined from the work orders to be carried, and the energy demand per machine for carrying out a work order is determined therefrom. A device is provided for performing the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the air flow quantity supplied to an internal combustion engine per operating cycle, without reducing the throttle. The method is characterized in that: an accelerator pedal signal (?) is detected, the value thereof depending on the position of the accelerator pedal; a rotational speed signal (n) is detected the value thereof depending on the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine; load collectives are formed from (?) and (n); both the load collective-dependent opening time (tLi) of a gas outlet in the compression chamber of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine during the compression stroke, and the load collective-dependent fuel injection quantities (˜tLi) per operating cycle and cylinder are determined; and the advance angles are determined according to the load collectives. The inventive method is advantageous in that only negligible fluctuations occur in the respectively introduced air flow quantity over all load regions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the air flow quantity supplied to an internal combustion engine per operating cycle, without reducing the throttle. Said method is characterized in that: an accelerator pedal signal (y) is detected, the value thereof depending on the position of the accelerator pedal; a rotational speed signal (n) is detected the value thereof depending on the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine; load collectives are formed from (?) and (n); both the load collective-dependent opening time (tLi) of a gas outlet in the compression chamber of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine during the compression stroke, and the load collective-dependent fuel injection quantities (˜tLi) per operating cycle and cylinder are determined; and the advance angles are determined according to the load collectives.