Abstract: Disclosed is a method for a radar-based fill level measurement according to the pulse transit time method. Also disclosed a fill level measuring device for carrying out said method. On the basis of an evaluation signal, the relation between the clock rate and the sampling rate, and a predefined target relation, an evaluation curve is generated. The fill level is thereby determined on the basis of said evaluation curve. The evaluation curve is generated by means of temporal expansion or compression of the evaluation signal, wherein the compression or the expansion is carried out as a function of a ratio between the measured relation and the target relation. Any deviation of the sampling rate from the setpoint value of the sampling rate, for example due to faulty control, is compensated. Thus, the potentially attainable accuracy of the fill level measurement is increased due to the invention.

Abstract: A method of processing magnetic resonance (MR) lung images creates a quantitative ventilation map of the lung, which is calculated from ventilation images. A step of determining ventilation frequency includes a frequency analysis of a time series of a quantitative lung dimension parameter which is characteristic for the dimension of the lung at the time of collecting the corresponding MR lung image. Creation of the quantitative ventilation map includes selecting a first group of ventilation images, which consists of expiration ventilation images collected at regular expiration phases of multiple ventilation periods, and a second group of ventilation images, which consists of inspiration ventilation images collected at regular inspiration phases of the multiple ventilation periods, and calculating the quantitative ventilation map from the first and second groups of ventilation images, wherein the quantitative ventilation map is adjusted with reference to the tidal volume of the lung.

Abstract: A method of processing magnetic resonance (MR) lung images creates a quantitative ventilation map of the lung, which is calculated from ventilation images. A step of determining ventilation frequency includes a frequency analysis of a time series of a quantitative lung dimension parameter which is characteristic for the dimension of the lung at the time of collecting the corresponding MR lung image. Creation of the quantitative ventilation map includes selecting a first group of ventilation images, which consists of expiration ventilation images collected at regular expiration phases of multiple ventilation periods, and a second group of ventilation images, which consists of inspiration ventilation images collected at regular inspiration phases of the multiple ventilation periods, and calculating the quantitative ventilation map from the first and second groups of ventilation images, wherein the quantitative ventilation map is adjusted with reference to the tidal volume of the lung.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for concentrating a macromolecule from a solution comprising the macromolecule and an organic polymer by first subjecting the solution to ultrafiltration to produce a first retentate solution, then adjusting the conductivity of the first retentate solution such that any protein precipitation induced by the organic polymer is essentially prevented to produce a second retentate solution, and then subjecting the second retentate solution to ultrafiltration. In a preferred embodiment, the conductivity is adjusted by diafiltration against water, suitable diluent or buffer. Preferably, the invention pertains to the concentration of solutions of native or recombinant proteins. The invention further pertains preferably to methods for the concentration of cell culture supernatant comprising a product protein and organic polymers of the Pluronic family of block co-polymers, and more preferably comprising Pluronic F-68 block co-polymer.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus for separating and/or enriching dissolved substances from a suspension or suspensions having at least one filter means through which flow takes place, there being arranged on the retentate side of the filter means a means for producing a shear field which produces a virtually homogeneous shear field and pressure gradient across the inflow cross-section of the filter means. The means for producing the shear field may be formed by a rotationally symmetrical rotor. There may be used as filter means matrices that are suitable for the adsorption of the dissolved substances to be separated off. There come into consideration for that purpose surface-modified membranes, for example affinity membranes. The filter apparatus may be one-tier, two-tier or multi-tier.