Abstract: The present disclosure may provide semiconductor perovskite layers and method of making thereof. In some cases, the perovskite layer may comprise a composition of MAn1FAn2Csn3PbX3. MA may be methylammonium, FA may be formamidinium, n1, n2, and n3 may independently be greater than 0 and less than 1, and n1+n2+n3 may equal 1.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes one or more features that taken alone or in combination enhance its efficiency. Some embodiments may comprise a tandem solar device in which a top PV cell is fabricated upon a front transparent substrate, that also serves as the top encapsulating substance. The top PV cell including the front encapsulating substance is then bonded (e.g., using adhesive) to a bottom PV cell in order to complete the tandem device. Using the same transparent, insulating element as both front encapsulating substance and a substrate for fabricating the top PV cell, obviates to the need to provide a separate structure (with resulting interfaces) to perform the latter role. For tandem and non-tandem PV devices, a Through-Substrate-Via (TSV) structure may extend through an insulating substrate in order to provide contact with an opposite side (e.g., back electrode). Embodiments may find particular use in fabricating shingled perovskite photovoltaic solar cells.

Abstract: A solar cell that incorporates a thin layer of iron oxide (FeOx), and a number of techniques for fabricating the solar cell, are presented. The thin layer of iron oxide, which may be derived from lunar regolith, may be the emitter of the solar cell. The solar cell may be a silicon hetero-junction (HJ) solar cell. The FeOx may be present in place of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), MoOx, or various organic materials, for example. An emitter comprising FeOx may be beneficial for solar cell fabrication on the moon.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide semiconductor perovskite layers and method of making thereof. In some cases, the perovskite layer may comprise a composition of MAn1FAn2Csn3PbX3. MA may be methylammonium, FA may be formamidinium, n1, n2, and n3 may independently be greater than 0 and less than 1, and n1+n2+n3 may equal 1.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide semiconductor perovskite layers and method of making thereof. In some cases, the perovskite layer may comprise a composition of MAn1FAn2Csn3PbX3. MA may be methylammonium, FA may be formamidinium, n1, n2, and n3 may independently be greater than 0 and less than 1, and n1 + n2 + n3 may equal 1.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes one or more features that taken alone or in combination enhance its efficiency. Some embodiments may comprise a tandem solar device in which a top PV cell is fabricated upon a front transparent substrate, that also serves as the top encapsulating substance. The top PV cell including the front encapsulating substance is then bonded (e.g., using adhesive) to a bottom PV cell in order to complete the tandem device. Using the same transparent, insulating element as both front encapsulating substance and a substrate for fabricating the top PV cell, obviates to the need to provide a separate structure (with resulting interfaces) to perform the latter role. For tandem and non-tandem PV devices, a Through-Substrate-Via (TSV) structure may extend through an insulating substrate in order to provide contact with an opposite side (e.g., back electrode). Embodiments may find particular use in fabricating shingled perovskite photovoltaic solar cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for producing silicon nanocrystals, which can minimize plasma diffusion by finely adjusting a plasma region created by an ICP coil. The apparatus includes a reactor having an ICP coil wound around an outer wall thereof and a tube inserted into the reactor, wherein a primary gas for forming silicon nanocrystals and a secondary gas for surface reaction of the silicon nanocrystals are separately supplied to the reactor through an inner side and an outer side of the tube, respectively.

Abstract: A heating cabinet is provided capable of keeping foods warm by use of solar energy. The heating cabinet includes a body member, which has an outer surface formed using transparent material and is configured to form an accommodation space therein, in which an inside of a part surrounding the accommodation space to be filled with heat retaining fluid heated by solar energy such that heat received from solar energy is stored in the heat retaining fluid to keep contents accommodated in the accommodation space warm; and a detachable member which is formed at one side of the body member to allow the body member to be detachable to the window. Foods contained in the heating cabinet are kept warm. When taking foods contained in the heating cabinet, a user takes foods by separating the heating cabinet from the window. Alternatively, a user separates the heating cabinet from the window and takes foods while carrying the separated heating cabinet.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for producing silicon nanocrystals, which can minimize plasma diffusion by finely adjusting a plasma region created by an ICP coil. The apparatus includes a reactor having an ICP coil wound around an outer wall thereof and a tube inserted into the reactor, wherein a primary gas for forming silicon nanocrystals and a secondary gas for surface reaction of the silicon nanocrystals are separately supplied to the reactor through an inner side and an outer side of the tube, respectively.

Abstract: A device for controlling the operation of power excavators includes a control lever which is handled simply by one hand, which is different from the prior art systems having multiple control levers necessarily handled by both hands. The control lever consists of a plurality of links which are jointed together in such a way that the intuitive handling directions of the links are identified with the actual moving directions of the actuators. The control lever thus adds significant convenience for the operator when operating the actuators of the excavator. An excavator with the above control device can be easily and effectively operated by an unskilled operator even for delicate work such as a land finishing work or loading work, both of which tasks are generally known in the art to require a highly-skilled operator.

Abstract: A control system of an excavator. The excavator includes a lower running body, an upper pivoting body, a working device having a plurality of links attached to the upper pivoting body, a pivoting device, and a running device, actuators for actuating the working device, the pivoting device, and the running device, hydraulic control valves for controlling quantities of hydraulic fluid supplied to the actuators, sensors for detecting relative angular positions of the links, and a control system.