Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have an R value of at least 1.3, where R is defined as the ratio (ID/IG) of an integral value of D band intensity (ID) to an integral value of G band intensity (IG) in the Raman spectrum. Such carbon nanotubes can be used to form a support catalyst with good catalyst activity because the surface defects on the carbon nanotubes promote improved catalyst distribution in that the support catalyst includes catalyst particles having a small mean particle size and a slight variation in particle size. Such a support catalyst has particularly useful properties when used as a catalyst layer for a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: A method for driving a field emission device (FED) applies an alternating (AC) voltage as a driving voltage for emitting electrons in a field emission device comprising cathode electrode including an emitter and an anode electrode facing the cathode electrode. A method for aging an FED uses a constant voltage so that electrons cannot be emitted from the electron emission source, and an AC voltage so that electrons can be periodically emitted from the emitter when the FED is aged.

Abstract: An electron emission source-forming composition includes a carbon-based material; a vehicle composed of a resin component and a solvent component; and at least one metal oxide with an average particle diameter in a range of 100 to 1,000 nm selected from Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2. The electron emission source-forming composition is sintered under an air atmosphere during electron emission source formation. Therefore, carbon deposits after sintering and degradation of Carbon Nano-Tubes (CNTs) upon sintering can be remarkably reduced. As a result, the electron emission source formed using the composition has a high current density and the electron emission device using the electron emission source exhibits enhanced reliability.

Abstract: A dispersant for a more concentrated carbon nanotube solution, and a composition including the same are provided. The dispersant may have a hydrophobic chain structure with head groups capable of surrounding carbon nanotube particles. The dispersant may adsorbed onto the carbon nanotube particles. The composition may include the dispersant, an aqueous liquid medium and a carbon nanotube. The composition may further include an additive. It may be possible to produce a more concentrated carbon nanotube solution exhibiting an increase in dispersion of the carbon nanotube particles and/or more stability.

Abstract: A nanophosphor including ZnS, having an average particle diameter of about 10 to about 500 nanometers, and having a ZnS cubic (111) peak in an X-ray diffraction spectrum, wherein the ZnS cubic (111) peak has a full width at half maximum (“FWHM”) of about 0.280 degrees or less.

Abstract: A hygienic toilet alert system and a method for providing a hygienic toilet seat are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, the hygienic toilet alert system is capable of reminding a user to either raise or lower a toilet seat based on sensor feedback from a toilet seat position sensor and at least one additional sensing device, which may be a flush sensor, a proximity sensor, and/or a foot-position sensor. Furthermore, in one embodiment of the invention, the hygienic toilet alert system is also capable of providing a motorized movement of the toilet seat based on the sensor feedback. Various methods of providing the hygienic toilet seat based on the sensor feedback are also disclosed in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.

Abstract: A carbon-metal composite material which has improved conductivity, specific surface area, regularity, a shape which is easily controlled, and a process of preparing the same. The carbon-metal composite material which includes carbon and metal, has a sheet resistance of 8 m?/sq. or less under a pressure of 100 kgf/cm2, a specific surface area of 30 m2/g or greater, and shows an X-ray pattern having at least one peak at d-spacings of 6 nm or greater.

Abstract: A composite anode active material, a method of preparing the composite anode active material, and a lithium battery including the lithium battery. According to the method of preparing the composite anode active material, carbon nanotubes are formed on a Si particle without a separate operation of applying a catalyst. Furthermore, high adherence is provided between the Si particle and carbon nanotubes, and therefore the composite anode active material is used as an anode material of the lithium battery.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube, a method of preparing the same, a supported catalyst including the same, and a fuel cell using the supported catalyst are provided. The method of preparing the carbon nanotube includes: depositing a metal catalyst in single wall nanotubes and growing multi wall nanotubes over the single wall nanotubes using the metal catalyst. The carbon nanotubes of the present invention have satisfactory specific surface area and low surface resistance. Thus, the carbon nanotubes perform remarkably better than a conventional catalyst carrier. Accordingly, the carbon nanotubes, when used as a catalyst carrier of an electrode for a fuel cell, can improve the electrical conductivity of the fuel cell. In addition, a fuel cell employing the electrode has excellent efficiency and overall performance.

Abstract: A composite anode active material including metal core particles and carbon nanotubes that are covalently bound to the metal core particles, an anode including the composite anode active material, a lithium battery employing the anode, and a method of preparing the composite anode active material.

Abstract: A negative active material, a negative electrode including the negative active material, a method of manufacturing the negative electrode, and a lithium battery including the negative electrode. The negative active material includes a composite including a non-carbonaceous material, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon nanoparticles. The carbon nanoparticles are formed by carbonizing a polymer of carbonizable monomers.

Abstract: An anode active material for lithium batteries, an anode including the anode active material, a method of manufacturing the anode, and a lithium battery including the anode. The anode active material includes secondary particles formed of agglomerated primary nanoparticles. The primary nanoparticles include a non-carbonaceous material bound with hollow carbon nanofibers. The anode includes the anode active material and a polymeric binder having an electron donor group.

Abstract: An aggregation switch apparatus for broadband subscribers is disclosed. The apparatus includes: an upstream input buffering unit for buffering packets from more than one subscriber link; a scheduling unit for aggregating the packets to more than one upstream link and scheduling a transfer order; a rate match buffering unit for buffering a transfer rate difference between an output of the upstream input buffering unit and an output of more than one upstream link; a downstream destination identifying unit for identifying a destination of more than one subscriber link of the packets; a broadcasting unit for transferring the packets to terminals of the broadcasting unit; a packet selecting unit for selecting a corresponding packet by identifying a destination port of more than one subscriber link of the packets; and a downstream output buffering unit for buffering the packets outputted from the packet selecting unit to said more than one subscriber link.

Abstract: A method of fabricating spacers for use in a flat panel device includes: preparing a core glass having a low solubility in a chemical etching solution and a tube glass having a high solubility in the chemical etching solution and having a larger inner diameter than an outer diameter of the core glass; inserting the core glass into the tube glass to obtain a cylindrical glass; drawing the cylindrical glass at a predetermined temperature until the core glass has a predetermined diameter; cutting the drawn cylindrical glass to a predetermined length; and removing the tube glass in the cylindrical glass using the chemical etching solution.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a field emitter, a patterned conductive layer is formed on a substrate, an upper surface of the conductive layer is coated with a mixture of a field emission material and metal powder, the mixture is thermally treated to improve adhesion of the mixture to the conductive layer, and a field emission material and a metal deposited on a portion of the substrate other than the conductive layer are removed. Accordingly, the lifespan and field emission characteristic of the field emitter are greatly improved, and a large area field emitter having excellent characteristics that cannot be realized in the conventional art is fabricated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating ZnO thin films using a ZnO precursor solution containing zinc hydroxide nitrate (Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2.2H2O) as a zinc supplier. The ZnO thin film is fabricated by using a simple and economical coating method at a low process temperature.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have an R value of at least 1.3, where R is defined as the ratio (ID/IG) of an integral value of D band intensity (ID) to an integral value of G band intensity (IG) in the Raman spectrum. Such carbon nanotubes can be used to form a support catalyst with good catalyst activity because the surface defects on the carbon nanotubes promote improved catalyst distribution in that the support catalyst includes catalyst particles having a small mean particle size and a slight variation in particle size. Such a support catalyst has particularly useful properties when used as a catalyst layer for a fuel cell electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a nanocomposite for the catalyst layer of a fuel cell electrode including: a carbon nanofiber; and metal catalyst particles uniformly applied to the surface of the carbon nanofiber, wherein the carbon nanofiber has a surface oxygen content of at least 0.03 calculated by the formula: Oxygen content=[atomic percentage of oxygen/atomic percentage of carbon] using atomic percentages of oxygen and carbon, respectively calculated from an area of an oxygen peak having a binding energy of 524 to 540 eV, an area of a nitrogen peak having a binding energy of 392 to 404 eV, and an area of a carbon peak having a binding energy of 282 to 290 eV in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanocomposite according to the present invention has high surface oxygen content and has metal catalyst nano particles densely and uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the carbon fibers, thereby having high electrochemical efficiency. Thus, efficiency of fuel cells can be improved using the nanocomposite.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube (“CNT”) gas sensor includes a substrate, an insulating layer formed on the substrate, electrodes formed on the insulating layer, and CNT barriers that protrude higher than the electrodes in spaces between the electrodes to form gas detecting spaces. A method of manufacturing the gas sensor includes forming an insulating layer on a substrate, forming an electrode pattern on the insulating layer, coating CNT paste having a thickness greater than a thickness of electrodes in the electrode pattern on the electrodes and the insulating layer, and patterning and firing the carbon nanotube paste, including using a photolithography method, to retain only portions of the CNT paste coated on spaces between the electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a dynamic rate-limiting method and apparatus used in a switch for switching packets from input ports to output ports, the method including: (a) adding traffic bandwidth values set in advance in active subscribers that are using the switch from among subscribers connected to the switch; (b) comparing the added value with a range between a maximum bandwidth and a minimum bandwidth that are set in the switch; and (c) according to a result of comparing, when the added values is smaller than the minimum bandwidth or larger than the maximum bandwidth set in the switch, increasing or decreasing the traffic bandwidths of the active subscribers set in advance so that the added value is within the range between the maximum bandwidth and minimum bandwidth. Accordingly, it is possible to automatically control the traffic bandwidths of subscribers that are currently using the switch.