Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds of Chemical Formula 1, optical isomers of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or the optical isomers. The compounds, isomers, and salts exhibit excellent activity as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In particular, they, as GLP-1 receptor agonists, exhibit excellent glucose tolerance, thus having a great potential to be used as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. Moreover, they exhibit excellent pharmacological safety for cardiovascular systems.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment apparatus for removing nitrogen and phosphorus contained in wastewater, and a method therefor. The wastewater treatment apparatus includes an anaerobic/anoxic reaction tank having multiple compartments partitioned by a plurality of partitions, each compartment receiving wastewater and a carbon source; an aeration tank for removing phosphorus by luxury uptake of phosphorus from the treated wastewater flowed from the last compartment of the anaerobic/anoxic reaction tank, using oxygen as an electron acceptor; and a settling tank for settling a sludge from the treated wastewater passed from the aeration tank, and returning the settled sludge into the anaerobic/anoxic reaction tank. The wastewater treatment apparatus can increase removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the wastewater, even at a low temperature. Also, the retention time in the reaction tank is reduced, so the size of the reaction tank is reduced, thereby lowering construction costs.