Abstract: Provided is a method for forming a high-hardness inorganic coating layer, which is capable of providing a coating layer having abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, contamination resistance, high hardness and non-flammability on a surface of a metal or non-ferrous metal substrate at room temperature. The method comprises cleaning a substrate surface to remove impurities; subjecting a substrate surface to ultrasonic cleaning; preparing a high-hardness inorganic coating composition; coating the substrate surface with the high-hardness inorganic coating composition to form a high-hardness coating layer; drying the high-hardness coating layer; and heating the substrate at a temperature of 250 to 27O0C to cure the high-hardness coating layer.

Abstract: A power amplifier circuit includes: a transformer receiving a first signal and generating a transformed signal from the first signal; and a transistor receiving a second signal having a direct current (DC) component, and generating an output signal. The second signal and the transformed signal are mixed, via a terminal connected with the transformed signal, wherein an envelope of the output signal is controlled by the first signal.

Abstract: A method for providing content through a content providing system, including permitting access to the system through a media device; outputting a screen including a plurality of menu items including a view brand content item; when the view brand content item is selected by a user, outputting a screen including specific brand goods and a keyword input window; receiving a keyword input from the user; outputting a search result screen including brands matching the input keyword; outputting an e-book related to a brand selected by the user; outputting a brand store selected by the user; classifying and outputting brand content selected by the user according to a producer of the content; storing content selected by the user in an internal user space; and providing a publicity space in which the content stored in the internal user space can be publicized.

Abstract: A method for providing content through a content providing system, including permitting access to the system through a media device; outputting a screen including a plurality of menu items including a view brand content item; when the view brand content item is selected by a user, outputting a screen including specific brand goods and a keyword input window; receiving a keyword input from the user; outputting a search result screen including brands matching the input keyword; outputting an e-book related to a brand selected by the user; outputting a brand store selected by the user; classifying and outputting brand content selected by the user according to a producer of the content; storing content selected by the user in an internal user space; and providing a publicity space in which the content stored in the internal user space can be publicized.

Abstract: A method for providing content through a content providing system, including permitting access to the system through a media device; outputting a screen including a plurality of menu items including a view brand content item; when the view brand content item is selected by a user, outputting a screen including specific brand goods and a keyword input window; receiving a keyword input from the user; outputting a search result screen including brands matching the input keyword; outputting an e-book related to a brand selected by the user; outputting a brand store selected by the user; classifying and outputting brand content selected by the user according to a producer of the content; storing content selected by the user in an internal user space; and providing a publicity space in which the content stored in the internal user space can be publicized.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner is controlled to a target control value that controls a swash-plate control value of a swash-plate variable capacity compressor. The variable control is based on temperature deviation between target evaporator temperature and actual evaporator temperature, to control compressor discharge capacity. A target evaporator temperature is set. Deviation between the target evaporator temperature and actual evaporator temperature is calculated. Control coefficients are variably set according to the magnitude of the temperature deviation. A target control value of a pressure control valve of the swash-plate variable capacity compressor is calculated using the control coefficients. The pressure control valve is controlled by the target control value.

Abstract: An apparatus for exchanging a driver's seat with a passenger's seat of a vehicle comprises seat bases on which a driver's seat and a passenger's seat are provided, a main body assembly provided between the seats, and a link mechanism for linking the main body assembly to the respective seat bases. Seat motor(s) and a main motor of the main body assembly are controlled so as to directly exchange the seats.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and methods of use thereof in concentrating a species of interest and/or controlling liquid flow in a device. The methods, inter-alia, make use of a device comprising a fluidic chip comprising a planar array of channels through which a liquid comprising a species of interest can be made to pass with at least one rigid substrate connected thereto such that at least a portion of a surface of the substrate bounds the channels, and an ion-selective membrane is attached to at least a portion of the surface of the substrate, which bounds said channels, or which bounds a portion of a surface of one of said channels. The device comprises a unit to induce an electric field in the channel and a unit to induce an electrokinetic or pressure driven flow in the channel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a method for manufacturing the same, capable of preventing problems (i.e., movement of balls, damage to the surfaces that face spacers upon application of predetermined pressure, and variation in cell gap) associated with the use of the ball spacers. The liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a spacer formed on the first substrate, wherein the spacer includes a plurality of balls and a solid to aggregate the balls together and adhere the balls to the first substrate, a hard coating layer formed on the second substrate facing the spacer, and a liquid crystal layer filled between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a gate line and a common line arranged adjacent and parallel to each other on the first substrate, a data line crossing the gate line, a spacer comprising a plurality of balls, formed on the first or second substrate in a lower-height and flat region provided between the gate line and the common line, and a liquid crystal layer filled between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device maintains a cell gap and prevents press defects via the use of ball spacers. The liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates facing each other, a plurality of first spacers, a plurality of second spacers, and a liquid crystal layer filled between the first and second substrates. The first spacers are formed between the first and second substrates at portions of a black matrix layer of the second substrate. The first spacers include a plurality of first balls with a first diameter and a first solid to aggregate the first balls. The second spacers are formed at portions of the black matrix layer between the first and second substrates. The second spacers include a plurality of second balls with a second diameter 0.2 to 0.6 ?m smaller than the first diameter and a second solid to aggregate the second balls.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a method for manufacturing the same are discussed. According to an embodiment, the liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, wherein each of the first and second substrates includes pixel regions to form a matrix, a black matrix layer arranged in a region other than the pixel regions gate lines and data lines arranged in a portion corresponding to the black matrix layer spacers arranged in predetermined portions provided on the black matrix layer wherein each spacer includes one or more balls, and a solid to adhere the balls to the first or second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer filled between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are system and method for measuring a bio-element capable of accurately detecting whether a bio-element such as protein, gene and the like is present in an atmosphere or vapor phase having controlled temperature and humidity thereof and measuring a content of the bio-element. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises steps of preparing a cantilever sensor having a plurality of cantilevers; measuring a basis resonant frequency for the plurality of cantilevers; reacting the cantilevers with a sample including a bio-element; measuring resonant frequencies of the cantilevers after the reaction, in a closed system that is isolated from an exterior environment and temperature and humidity thereof are controlled to a specific state; and calculating variations of the resonant frequencies of the cantilevers before and after the reaction to carry out a quantitative analysis of the bio-element included in the sample.

Abstract: A high speed passband phase modulation apparatus and method are provided. In the phase modulation apparatus, an RF phase shifter modulates a phase of a local signal that is generated in a VCO according to a digital input. The RF phase shifter is controlled by a phase-controlled loop so that a baseband phase shifter is phased locked to a modulation reference signal from the local signal and a reference clock signal according to the digital input. The phase-controlled loop phase-locks using the modulation reference signal so that the phase-modulated signal generated in the RF phase shifter has a phase value according to the digital input.

Abstract: A digital image reproducing apparatus and a digital image forward/reverse searching method, in which the digital image reproducing apparatus includes: a decoder decoding digital video images; and a searching parameter setting unit for setting the searching parameters used to search the digital video images. The decoder decodes an essential frame that must be decoded that is decoded, and waits to receive a next process command from a user. The searching parameter includes at least one of a searching direction, a searching speed, a time code jump value, and the essential frame that must be decoded. The essential frame that must be decoded can be the last frame of the digital video images. Therefore, the frames that are not the key frames can be decoded during the searching process, and the searching process can be performed in a predetermined section, to thereby improve searching efficiency.

Abstract: A power amplifier circuit includes: a transformer receiving a first signal and generating a transformed signal from the first signal; and a transistor receiving a second signal having a direct current (DC) component, and generating an output signal. The second signal and the transformed signal are mixed, via a terminal connected with the transformed signal, wherein an envelope of the output signal is controlled by the first signal.

Abstract: A polar transmitter using a binary phase shift key (BPSK) method includes a data dividing unit which divides input data into an amplitude component and a phase component, a frequency synthesizer which produces an I value of a passband having a phase component of an I signal and a Q value of a passband having a phase component of a Q signal, a polar modulation circuit for the I signal which produces an I carrier wave to the I signal using the amplitude component from the data dividing unit and the I value from the frequency synthesizer, a polar modulation circuit for the Q signal which produces a Q carrier wave to the Q signal using the amplitude component and the Q value, and a carrier wave producing unit which combines the I carrier wave and the Q carrier wave thus to produce a carrier wave.

Abstract: Provided is a polar transmitter which increases a modulation rate using a multi-phase generator and includes: a data processor which processes and separates incoming data to an amplitude component and a phase component; a multi-phase generator which generates a plurality of carriers having a plurality of phase components by processing a carrier having a certain frequency; a selection output part which selects and outputs a carrier having a phase substantially equal to the phase component; and a carrier output part which synthesizes the output carrier with the amplitude component and outputs a carrier. Accordingly, the modulation rate of the carrier can be increased and the bandwidth can be extended with the related art polar transmitter. Therefore, the polar transmitter is applicable to the wideband communications, the multi-mode, and the multi-band.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling an air-conditioning apparatus of a hybrid vehicle, the method comprises the first step (S101) of initiating the idle stop in which an engine is halted and a compressor is then operated by an electric motor; the second step (S102) of checking whether a value of cooling load or heating load is above the predetermined reference value or not; the third step for checking a discharge mode of the air-conditioning apparatus (S103) if a value of cooling load or heating load is above the predetermined reference value and controlling the air-conditioning apparatus to convert a mode into an external air mode (S108) if a value of cooling load or heating load is below the predetermined reference value; and the fourth step of controlling the air-conditioning apparatus to convert a mode into an external air mode (S108) if it is checked whether the specific mode in a plurality of discharge modes is selected and controlling the air-conditioning apparatus to convert a mod

Abstract: A high speed passband phase modulation apparatus and method are provided. In the phase modulation apparatus, an RF phase shifter modulates a phase of a local signal that is generated in a VCO according to a digital input. The RF phase shifter is controlled by a phase-controlled loop so that a baseband phase shifter is phased locked to a modulation reference signal from the local signal and a reference clock signal according to the digital input. The phase-controlled loop phase-locks using the modulation reference signal so that the phase-modulated signal generated in the RF phase shifter has a phase value according to the digital input.