Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a gate structure including stacked local lines and a multi-step structure, wherein the multi-step structure defines pads of the local lines, channel patterns respectively disposed over the pads, a block word line disposed over the channel patterns and extending along a profile of the multi-step structure, and first contact plugs passing through the channel patterns and respectively connecting the channel patterns and the local lines.

Abstract: Operating a selector device that controls access of a signal to a memory element may comprise applying a main operating voltage pulse and a refresh voltage pulse to the selector device. The refresh voltage pulse and main operating voltage pulse have opposite polarities. A magnitude of the main operating voltage pulse is greater than or equal to a threshold voltage for turning on the selector device, and a maximum magnitude of the refresh voltage pulse is less than the threshold voltage. The refresh voltage pulse reduces a difference between the threshold voltage and a turn-off voltage of the selector device, and may be applied immediately before or immediately after the main operating voltage pulse. An electronic circuit may include the selector device and a driving circuit for apply the pulses. A nonvolatile memory may include the driving circuit and a plurality of nonvolatile memory elements each including a selector device.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information is disclosed. The apparatus may include: a pulse wave sensor configured to measure a pulse wave signal from an object; a force sensor configured to obtain a force signal by measuring an external force exerted onto the force sensor; and a processor configured to obtain a first input value, a second input value, and a third input value based on the pulse wave signal and the force signal, to extract a feature vector by inputting the first input value, the second input value, and the third input value into a first neural network model, and to obtain the bio-information by inputting the feature vector into a second neural network model.

Abstract: A battery pack for a vehicle may include: a plurality of battery modules arranged on a plane; a lower case forming an accommodation space surrounding the lower and lateral portions of the plurality of battery modules; a pack cover coupled to the upper portion of the lower case so as to cover the upper portion of the accommodation space; a plurality of inner members provided in the accommodation space to separate the plurality of battery modules; and a heat blocker provided between the pack cover and the inner members so as to thermally isolate the battery modules separated by the inner members.

Abstract: Provided is a display device comprising a display panel, a metal plate on a bottom surface of the display panel, the metal plate including a first surface facing the bottom surface of the display panel and a second surface opposite to the one surface, and a fingerprint sensor overlappingly disposed on the second surface of the metal plate, wherein the metal plate includes an indentation groove recessed in a direction toward the first surface from the second surface of the metal plate, and the fingerprint sensor is disposed on the second surface of the metal plate on which the indentation groove is formed.

Abstract: A method is provided including: displaying a first content; detecting, by an electronic device, an output condition; and in response to the output condition, outputting, by the electronic device, a second content that that is associated with the first content. Furthermore, an electronic device is provided including: a memory configured to store content; and a processor configured to: display a first content; detect, by an electronic device, an output condition; and in response to the output condition, output a second content that that is associated with the first content.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a flow rate of water based on an oxygen consumption of a farming target fish is disclosed. The apparatus can include a water temperature meter for measuring a water temperature of an aquaculture tank containing the farming target fish, an automatic feeder for supplying a fish feed to the aquaculture tank, a first oxygen concentration meter for measuring an oxygen concentration in water supplied to the aquaculture tank, a second oxygen concentration meter for measuring an oxygen concentration in water discharged from the aquaculture tank, an oxygen consumption calculator configured to calculate an oxygen consumption of the farming target fish, a water flow rate calculator configured to calculate a flow rate of water to be supplied to the aquaculture tank, and a water supply configured to supply the water to the aquaculture tank.

Abstract: An apparatus for predicting a trajectory of a surrounding vehicle includes a storage configured to store a high definition map, a lane Selection Network (LSN), and a Trajectory Prediction Network (TPN) and a controller that extracts lane information around a target vehicle, traveling around a host vehicle, based on the high definition map, inputs the lane information around the target vehicle and previous trajectory information of the target vehicle to the LSN to detect reference lane information, and inputs the reference lane information and the previous trajectory information of the target vehicle to the TPN to acquire future trajectory information of the target vehicle.

Abstract: The present technology includes a memory device and a method of manufacturing the memory device. The memory device includes a memory block in which first and second connection regions and a cell region between the first and second connection regions are designated, a word line included in the memory block, a first drain selection line included in the memory block and positioned on the word line, a first drain contact contacting the first drain selection line of the first connection region, a second drain contact contacting the first drain selection line of the second connection region, and a first drain voltage supply line commonly contacting the first and second drain contacts.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprising a positive electrode current collector, a first positive electrode mixture layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector and including a first positive electrode active material and a binder, and a second positive electrode mixture layer disposed on the first positive electrode mixture layer and including a second positive electrode active material and a binder. A nickel content of the second positive electrode active material is 80% by weight or less of a nickel content of the first positive electrode active material. By providing a secondary battery including a positive electrode of a multi-layer structure that includes positive electrode active materials having different contents of nickel, a secondary battery capable of improving high-temperature characteristics while maintaining energy density may be provided.

Abstract: A display device includes a driving frequency calculator configured to divide output image data into central, intermediate, and peripheral images respectively corresponding to central, intermediate, and peripheral visual field regions, calculate spatial frequencies of the central image, the intermediate image, and the peripheral image, calculate critical flicker frequencies of the central visual field region, the intermediate visual field region, and the peripheral visual field region based on the spatial frequencies and based on viewing angles of the central visual field region, the intermediate visual field region, and the peripheral visual field region, and determine driving frequencies of the central visual field region, the intermediate visual field region, and the peripheral visual field region based on the critical flicker frequencies, and a display panel configured to display an image based on the output image data and based on the driving frequencies.

Abstract: A smart ring for sensing a biometric signal is provided. The smart ring for sensing a biometric signal by coming in contact with the skin includes at least one light-emitting circuit including first to third light sources that respectively generate light of first to third wavelengths incident on the inside of the skin at non-overlapping first to third points in time, a switch that controls each of the at least one light-emitting circuit, first to third driving circuits that respectively control the first to third light sources of each light-emitting circuit, and a sensing circuit configured to obtain reflected light that is output from the at least one light-emitting circuit and reflected from the inside of the skin.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating blood pressure includes: a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor configured to measure a PPG signal from an object; a force sensor configured to measure a force signal acting between the object and the PPG sensor; and a processor configured to (i) divide a predetermined blood pressure range into a plurality of classes, (ii) input the measured PPG signal and the measured force signal into a blood pressure estimation model to obtain the probability values for each of the classes, and (iii) estimate blood pressure based on the obtained probability values for the respective classes.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information is disclosed. The apparatus may include: a pulse wave sensor configured to measure a pulse wave signal from an object; a force sensor configured to obtain a force signal by measuring an external force exerted onto the force sensor; and a processor configured to obtain a first input value, a second input value, and a third input value based on the pulse wave signal and the force signal, to extract a feature vector by inputting the first input value, the second input value, and the third input value into a first neural network model, and to obtain the bio-information by inputting the feature vector into a second neural network model.

Abstract: Provided are an automatic precipitation sampler system and an operation method thereof. The automatic precipitation sampler system, includes a main body having an water receiving port provided in the upper portion thereof, a driving unit disposed in the main body, a circular table disposed in the main body and rotating by the driving unit, a plurality of sample containers arranged at uniform intervals from each other at positions spaced away from the center of the circular table by a predetermined distance in the radial direction of the circular table, and a plurality of funnels arranged on top of each of the plurality of sample containers such that any one of the plurality of funnels is aligned with the water receiving port.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for delivering user-assisted multimedia data using periodic multicast, which provide stable high-capacity Video-On-Demand (VOD) streaming service by proposing a user-assisted video transfer scheme capable of replacing a client-server configuration in providing high-capacity VOD streaming service.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for calibrating and validating an MRR, the apparatus including a correlation calculation unit configured to determine a correlation between a precipitation strength value and a precipitation measurement value, a regression equation calculation unit configured to calculate a regression equation for the precipitation strength value and to calculate a result value of the regression equation, an optimum accumulation time determination unit configured to determine an optimum accumulation time based on the correlation and the result value, a rain cloud vertical sampling unit configured to sample a rain cloud example, a vertical reflectance comparison unit configured to compare a calibrated MRR at a shortest range distance with a vertical reflectance according to a wind system, and a radar constant correction unit configured to correct a constant of an MRR based on the optimum value or the sampling and a result value of the comparison.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for delivering user-assisted multimedia data using periodic multicast, which provide stable high-capacity Video-On-Demand (VOD) streaming service by proposing a user-assisted video transfer scheme capable of replacing a client-server configuration in providing high-capacity VOD streaming service.

Abstract: An email security system for company security is disclosed. The email security system has a transmission server and a reception server. The transmission server has a mail code assigning and mail separating unit, a database, a security violation checking unit, a virus checking and curing unit, and a mail sending unit; and the reception server has a CGI operating unit. The security violation checking unit checks whether or not the email written and sent by a mail sender violates security, and sets a flag to prevent a mail receiver from reading the email if the email violates the security. The virus checking and curing unit checks whether the main body and the attached file are infected with computer viruses, and sets the flag to prevent the mail receiver from reading the email if the main body and the attached file are infected with the computer viruses.