Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a concentration of a component includes a sensor including a plurality of light sources having different central wavelengths and at least one detector configured to detect light, and a processor configured to determine a first reflectance of skin using a first light source of the plurality of light sources, set an operating condition of the sensor based on the determined first reflectance, drive the plurality of light sources according to the operating condition, and estimate a concentration of an analyte component based on a plurality of light quantities detected from skin by the at least one detector.

Abstract: An electronic device may include an optical sensor configured to emit a reference light to a reference object and detect the reference light reflected from the reference object during calibration, and emit a measurement light to a target object and detect the measurement light reflected from the target object during a measurement; and a processor configured to perform the calibration of the optical sensor while the electronic device is disposed to oppose or in contact with the reference object by controlling the optical sensor to emit and detect the reference light, and estimate bio-information based on a light quantity of the measurement light that is reflected from the target object by the optical sensor, and a light quantity of the reference light reflected from the reference object.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes: a sensor including one or more light sources configured to emit light to an object and a plurality of detectors configured to detect light reflected from the object; and a processor configured to transform a plurality of light quantities obtained from respective detectors of the plurality of detectors to a distance domain, to combine the plurality of transformed light quantities in the distance domain, to correct the combined light quantity based on a reference light quantity for correcting a deviation of a distance between the one or more light sources and the plurality of detectors, and to estimate bio-information based on a light quantity resulting from the correction.

Abstract: A mounting bolt for a sub-frame is disclosed. A mounting bolt for a sub-frame that is configured to a sub-frame to a front side member of a vehicle according to one or a plurality of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may include a bolt body that is inserted into a through-hole of a mounting bracket that is fixed to the front side member and joined to the mounting bracket through a head portion, and a support body that has a cylindrical shape, is friction-welded to a center of an upper surface of a head portion of the bolt body along one line, and of which an upper end is joined to the front side member.

Abstract: A mounting bolt for a sub-frame is disclosed. A mounting bolt for a sub-frame that is configured to a sub-frame to a front side member of a vehicle according to one or a plurality of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may include a bolt body that is inserted into a through-hole of a mounting bracket that is fixed to the front side member and joined to the mounting bracket through a head portion, and a support body that has a cylindrical shape, is friction-welded to a center of an upper surface of a head portion of the bolt body along one line, and of which an upper end is joined to the front side member.

Abstract: A vibration spot welding device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a first welding tip that is disposed to contact one side surface of metal plates that are overlapped, and a second welding tip that is disposed to contact the other side surface of the metal plates corresponding to the first welding tip, wherein the second welding tip includes a first electrode portion that is disposed to contact the metal plate so as to transmit a current thereto, and a second electrode portion that is disposed to contact the metal plate so as to receive the current that is transferred from the first electrode portion through the metal plate.