Abstract: Disclosed herein are a surface defect detection method and apparatus. The surface defect detection method is performed by the surface defect detection apparatus. The surface defect detection method includes: acquiring a photographed image of an inspection target object; and detecting a defect by using the acquired photographed image. Acquiring the photographed image includes radiating pattern light of a stripe pattern having a predetermined interval onto a surface of the inspection target object, and acquiring a photographed image by photographing reflected light reflected from the surface of the inspection target object.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for using PltA, PltB, CdtB, or a mutant thereof, in inducing or enhancing an immune response.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for preventing, treating and diagnosing infection by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) and/or S. paratyphi, i.e., typhoid fever.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for using PltA, PltB, CdtB, or a mutant thereof, in inducing or enhancing an immune response.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for preventing, treating and diagnosing infection by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) and/or S. paratyphi, i.e., typhoid fever.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for treating a urinary tract infection (UTI). The methods involve administering to a subject in need thereof a cAMP elevator or agent that mimics cAMP, particularly a labdane diterpene such as forskolin or a derivative or analog thereof in a therapeutically effective amount to treat a UTI. The methods may further include administration of at least one cAMP elevator in combination with one or more additional active compounds from other classes of therapeutic agents, such as antimicrobial agents or cholesterol lowering drugs. Compositions of the invention include pharmaceutical compositions and kits for treating a UTI in a subject in need thereof that include therapeutically effective amounts of at least two cAMP elevators, particularly where one of the cAMP elevators is a labdane diterpene such as forskolin or a derivative or analog thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for treating a urinary tract infection (UTI). The methods involve administering to a subject in need thereof a cAMP elevator or agent that mimics cAMP, particularly a labdane diterpene such as forskolin or a derivative or analog thereof in a therapeutically effective amount to treat a UTI. The methods may further include administration of at least one cAMP elevator in combination with one or more additional active compounds from other classes of therapeutic agents, such as antimicrobial agents or cholesterol lowering drugs. Compositions of the invention include pharmaceutical compositions and kits for treating a UTI in a subject in need thereof that include therapeutically effective amounts of at least two cAMP elevators, particularly where one of the cAMP elevators is a labdane diterpene such as forskolin or a derivative or analog thereof.