Abstract: A video decoding apparatus decodes a sequence of one or more pictures in the unit of blocks which are split from each picture. The apparatus comprising a decoder configured to reconstruct, from a bitstream, a current motion vector difference of the current block among the blocks which belong to the sequence of one or more pictures, and an image decoder configured to predict and decode the current block using the motion vector of the current block. When the current motion vector difference of the current block is zero, the resolution of the current motion vector difference of the current block is set to the ¼ pixel precision without the information on the motion vector resolution extracted.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for decoding a video including determining a coding unit to be decoded by block partitioning, decoding prediction syntaxes for the coding unit, the prediction syntaxes including a skip flag indicating whether the coding unit is encoded in a skip mode, after the decoding of the prediction syntaxes, decoding transform syntaxes including a transformation/quantization skip flag and a coding unit cbf, wherein the transformation/quantization skip flag indicates whether inverse transformation, inverse quantization, and at least part of in-loop filterings are skipped, and the coding unit cbf indicates whether all coefficients in a luma block and two chroma blocks constituting the coding unit are zero, and reconstructing the coding unit based on the prediction syntaxes and the transform syntaxes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing intermediates of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives. The preparation method according to the present invention has advantages that the production cost can be lowered by using inexpensive starting materials, a high-temperature reaction is not required as a whole, inexpensive and non-explosive reagents are used instead of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, and further an intermediate of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives can be prepared as a whole at a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing intermediates of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives. The preparation method according to the present invention has advantages that the production cost can be lowered by using inexpensive starting materials, a high-temperature reaction is not required as a whole, inexpensive and non-explosive reagents are used instead of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, and further an intermediate of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives can be prepared as a whole at a high yield.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a manufacturing method for 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives. The embodiment of the present disclosure is useful for industrial mass production of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives, because the process efficiency and yield are improved, and the use of hazardous reagents and environmental polluting reagents is avoided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing intermediates of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives. The preparation method according to the present invention has advantages that a high-temperature reaction is not required as a whole, inexpensive and non-explosive reagents are used instead of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, and further an intermediate of 4-methoxy pyrrole derivatives can be prepared as a whole at a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing intermediates of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives. The preparation method according to the present invention has advantages that a high-temperature reaction is not required as a whole, inexpensive and non-explosive reagents are used instead of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, and further an intermediate of 4-methoxy pyrrole derivatives can be prepared as a whole at a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing intermediates of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives. The preparation method according to the present invention has advantages that the production cost can be lowered by using inexpensive starting materials, a high-temperature reaction is not required as a whole, inexpensive and non-explosive reagents are used instead of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, and further an intermediate of 4-methoxypyrrole derivatives can be prepared as a whole at a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an ertapenem-containing lyophilized formulation, comprising the use of hydroxypropyl p-cyclodextrin as both a cryoprotective agent and a stabilizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an ertapenem-containing lyophilized formulation, comprising the use of hydroxypropyl ?-cyclodextrin as both a cryoprotective agent and a stabilizing agent.