Abstract: A solar cell assembly comprising; a layered structure comprising a photovoltaic element; and an electrode assembly arranged on a surface of the layered structure, the electrode assembly comprising; a plurality of conductive wire portions, a first plurality of conductive elements arranged on the surface of the layered structure; and a second plurality of conductive elements interposed between the plurality of conductive wire portions and the first plurality of conductive elements; wherein the first plurality of conductive elements are configured to form an ohmic contact between the second plurality of conductive elements and the surface of the layered structure, and the second plurality of conductive elements are configured to form an ohmic contact between the first plurality of conductive elements and the plurality of conductive wire portions.

Abstract: Described is a method for estimating throughput between first and second communication devices, the method comprising: determining maximum bottleneck throughput of a communication link between the first communication device and a third communication device, wherein the communication link between the first and third communication devices applies a common access network as between a communication link between the first and second communication devices; determining Round Trip Time (RTT) between the first and second communication devices; transmitting packet by applying User Datagram Protocol (UDP) from the third communication device to the first communication device; measuring packet loss rate associated with the transmitted packet by monitoring sequence number of the packet; and translating measured packet loss rate to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) throughput according to maximum bottleneck throughput and RTT.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes: a main body including a storage compartment; a door rotatably coupled to the main body and configured to open and close the storage compartment; and a door opening device provided in the main body and including a drive motor, the door opening device being configured to open the door, wherein the door includes: a door front member forming a front surface of the door; a door side member forming a side surface of the door and having an opening; a side cap coupled to an inner surface of the door side member and including a handle that is recessed and a switch mounting space; and a switch module mounted in the switch mounting space through the opening and configured to receive an input for operating the door opening device.

Abstract: A control method of a refrigerator includes: in response to receiving a user input, driving a motor in a forward direction until a first push rod reaches a maximum forward position from a neutral position; performing at least one of stopping the motor or driving the motor in a reverse direction at a first reference driving speed before a predetermined waiting time elapses from when the first push rod reaches the maximum forward position; driving the motor in the reverse direction at a second reference driving speed until the first push rod returns to the neutral position after the predetermined waiting time elapses from when the first push rod reaches the maximum forward position; and changing the predetermined waiting time in response to receiving a user input while the motor is driven in the forward direction until the first push rod reaches the maximum forward position from the neutral position.

Abstract: An audio signal processing device comprises: a receiver for receiving an input audio signal; a processor for generating loudness metadata corresponding to the input audio signal; and an outputter for transmitting the loudness metadata generated by the processor. The processor is configured to acquire loudness information analyzed from input content, acquires loudness information about the input audio signal by measuring the loudness of the input audio signal, generates the loudness metadata by converting the loudness information, and transmits, through the outputter, the generated loudness metadata to an output device for outputting the input audio signal.

Abstract: A scroll compressor is provided, the scroll compressor having a block insertion groove recessed by a predetermined depth into a rear surface of a non-orbiting scroll to accommodate a discharge port and a plurality of bypass holes, and a retainer block having a bypass valve that opens and closes the plurality of bypass holes fixedly inserted into the block insertion groove. The bypass valve may be fixed to a first axial side surface of the retainer block facing the block insertion groove. Through this, the bypass valve that suppresses or prevents overcompression of a compression chamber is not fastened to a non-orbiting end plate, which may allow the non-orbiting end plate to be reduced in thickness. This may shorten lengths of the plurality of bypass holes and the discharge port by the reduced thickness of the non-orbiting end plate, thereby decreasing a dead volume in the plurality of bypass holes and the discharge port.

Abstract: A scroll compressor is provided. In the scroll compressor, a valve accommodating groove that accommodates a discharge port and bypass holes is recessed by a predetermined depth into a rear surface of a non-orbiting scroll, and a valve guide is disposed between the rear surface of the non-orbiting scroll and a rear surface of the back pressure chamber assembly facing the rear surface of the non-orbiting scroll. Bypass valve guide holes into which bypass valves that open and close the bypass holes are slidably inserted are formed in the valve guide. Accordingly, the bypass valves that suppress or prevent overcompression in compression chambers are not fastened to a non-orbiting end plate, which may allow the non-orbiting end plate to be reduced in thickness. As the non-orbiting end plate is reduced in thickness, lengths of the bypass holes may be reduced, thereby decreasing dead volumes in the bypass holes.

Abstract: A scroll compressor is provided. In the scroll compressor, a valve accommodating groove that accommodates a discharge port and bypass holes is recessed by a predetermined depth into a rear surface of a non-orbiting scroll, and a valve guide is disposed between the rear surface of the non-orbiting scroll and a rear surface of the back pressure chamber assembly facing the rear surface of the non-orbiting scroll. Bypass valve guide holes into which bypass valves that open and close the bypass holes are slidably inserted are formed in the valve guide. Accordingly, the bypass valves that suppress or prevent overcompression in compression chambers are not fastened to a non-orbiting end plate, which may allow the non-orbiting end plate to be reduced in thickness. As the non-orbiting end plate is reduced in thickness, lengths of the bypass holes may be reduced, thereby decreasing dead volumes in the bypass holes.

Abstract: Systems and methods of controlling a vehicle may include performing user authentication through facial recognition of a user who may be in a state of not getting into the vehicle, receiving a voice command generated by an utterance of the user who may be in the state of not getting into the vehicle, performing voice recognition of the received voice command, and performing a vehicle control corresponding to the voice command as the result of the voice recognition.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method of operating the same are provided. The electronic device includes a touch screen, and at least one processor configured to determine, as any one of a first touch type or a second touch type, a type of a user input inputted on the touch screen, output a user interface (UI) corresponding to the first touch type based on the type of inputted touch being determined as the first touch type, correct the determined type as the second touch type based on an error being determined to be present in determining the type of inputted touch as the first touch type, and output a UI corresponding to the second touch type.

Abstract: An example host device includes a user interface unit, a memory to store one or more instructions, and a processor. The processor controls to display a print option setting screen on a user interface unit, the print option setting screen including a second user interface area for setting a second print option function constrained according to a setting of a first print option function, and controls to display a first user interface element and a second user interface element in the second user interface area, the first print option function corresponding to an operation of displaying a first user interface area for setting a first user print option function and the second user interface element corresponding to an operation of changing the setting of the first print option function to a preset value.

Abstract: A liquid supply apparatus includes: a chamber configured to contain a liquid; an injector disposed on a first side of the chamber and configured to spray the liquid; and a piston extending from a second side of the chamber toward an interior of the chamber, wherein the chamber includes a first area configured to store the liquid; and a second area between the first area and the injector, and wherein the piston is configured to selectively seal or transfer the liquid between the first area and the second area, and press the liquid in the second area to expel the liquid from the liquid supply apparatus.

Abstract: A batch-type filtering apparatus includes: a first flow path; a second flow path configured to communicate with the first flow path; a third flow path configured to communicate with the first flow path; a fourth flow path configured to communicate with each of the second flow path and the third flow path; an external port configured to communicate with each of the third flow path and the fourth flow path; a first direction switching valve configured to allow at least two from among the first flow path, the second flow path, and the third flow path to communicate with each other; a second direction switching valve configured to allow at least two from among the third flow path, the fourth flow path, and the external port to communicate with each other; and a flow cell.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes an outer bath, an inner bath in the outer bath, a chemical solution supply pipe in fluid communication with a portion of the outer bath, and an outer gas supply pipe in fluid communication with another portion of the outer bath. The outer bath includes an outer body providing an outer receiving space, and an outer door coupled to the outer body and configured to close the outer receiving space. An end of the outer gas supply pipe is located in the outer receiving space between the outer body and the inner bath, and a portion of the chemical solution supply pipe is located in the inner bath.

Abstract: An audio signal processing device comprises: a receiver for receiving an input audio signal; a processor for generating loudness metadata corresponding to the input audio signal; and an outputter for transmitting the loudness metadata generated by the processor. The processor is configured to acquire loudness information analyzed from input content, acquires loudness information about the input audio signal by measuring the loudness of the input audio signal, generates the loudness metadata by converting the loudness information, and transmits, through the outputter, the generated loudness metadata to an output device for outputting the input audio signal.

Abstract: A display device may include: a display; an image input unit configured to obtain video content; a detector including at least one sensor; and a processor which may be configured to execute at least one instruction. The processor may be configured to, by executing the at least one instruction, detect a gesture of a user based on a result of detection by the at least one sensor while the video content is reproduced, and control the reproduction of the video content such that at least one frame corresponding to the detected gesture among a plurality of frames included in the video content is displayed on the display.

Abstract: A scroll compressor may include a block insertion groove recessed by a predetermined depth into a rear surface of a non-orbiting scroll to accommodate a discharge port and at least one bypass hole, and a retainer block having at least one bypass valve to open and close the at least one bypass hole may be fixedly inserted into the block insertion groove. Accordingly, the at least one bypass valve that suppresses or prevents overcompression in a compression chamber is not fastened to a non-orbiting end plate, which may allow the non-orbiting end plate to be formed thin. As the non-orbiting end plate is reduced in thickness, a length of the at least one bypass hole may be reduced, thereby decreasing a dead volume in the at least one bypass hole.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for identifying a sample position in an atomic force microscope according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The method for identifying a sample position in an atomic force microscope includes receiving a vision image including a subject sample through a vision unit; determining a subject sample region in the vision image using a prediction model which is configured to output the subject sample region by receiving the vision image as an input; and determining a position of the subject sample based on the subject sample region.

Abstract: A heat exchanger module includes a first heat exchanging body including at least one first through hole and a second heat exchanging body including at least one second through hole. The second heat exchanging body is configured to be coupled to the first heat exchanging body, and an accommodation hole is provided between the first heat exchanging body and the second heat exchanging body by the first heat exchanging body and the second heat exchanging body being coupled together.

Abstract: A link assembly includes a main frame, a base link rotatably connected to the main frame, an input link rotatably connected to the main frame, and an output link at least 2-degree of freedom (DOF) rotatably connected to the main frame.