Abstract: Various example embodiments may include methods of operating a network device, non-transitory computer readable media including computer readable instructions for operating a network device, systems including a network device, and/or a compute express link (CXL) switching device for synchronizing data. A CXL-based system includes a plurality of CXL processing devices configured to perform matrix multiplication calculation based on input vector data and a partial matrix, and output at least one interrupt signal and at least one packet based on results of the matrix multiplication calculation, the at least one packet including output vector data and characteristic data associated with the output vector data, and a CXL switching device configured to, synchronize the output vector data, the synchronizing including performing a calculation operation on the output vector data based on the interrupt signal and the packet, and provide the synchronized vector data to the plurality of CXL processing devices.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a multilayered base substrate including a plurality of substrate bases stacked on each other; a first conductive via and a second conductive via penetrating the substrate bases and spaced from each other; a conductive line electrically connecting the first conductive via and the second conductive via to each other and disposed on at least one of the substrate bases of the plurality of substrate bases; and an open stub including a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is connected to a connector of the conductive line, and the second end is opened.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include: a communication interface; a display; one or more processors connected with the communication interface and the display and configured to control the display apparatus; and a memory configured to store instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the display apparatus to: based on a cable being connected to the communication interface, identify a communication standard supported by the cable based on a voltage applied to a first pin in the communication interface; set identification information for the display based on the communication standard supported by the cable; and displaying an image on the display based on the identification information.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a pair of fin-type active regions collinear with each other on a substrate, a gate line disposed on one of the fin-type active regions, a capping insulating layer that covers the gate line, and a fin isolation insulating portion that passes through the capping insulating layer in a vertical direction between the pair of fin-type active regions. The fin isolation insulating portion includes an isolation insulating plug that includes a first portion disposed between the pair of fin-type active regions and a second portion integrally connected to the first portion and that passes through the capping insulating layer in the vertical direction, and an isolation insulating liner that surrounds a bottom surface and a sidewall of the isolation insulating plug. The isolation insulating liner includes an uppermost portion that is closer to the substrate than a top surface of the isolation insulating plug.

Abstract: Provided is an integrated circuit device including a plurality of fin-type active areas each extending on a substrate in a first horizontal direction, a plurality of gate structures each extending in a second horizontal direction intersecting the plurality of fin-type active areas on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in the first horizontal direction, an interlayer insulating layer covering the periphery of the plurality of gate structures, and an inter-gate cutting layer formed of an insulating material and extending in the first horizontal direction across through the plurality of gate structures and the interlayer insulating layer. A first gate structure is separated from a second gate structure by the inter-gate cutting layer, and portions of respective side surfaces of the gate structures overlap the plurality of fin-type active areas in a vertical direction, the respective side surfaces of the gate structures extending in the first horizontal direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus may include a substrate boat configured to load a plurality of substrates; a process chamber configured to enclose the substrate boat; and a reaction tube between the substrate boat and the process chamber. The reaction tube may include a gas flowing part configured to allow for a flow of a process gas; a process part defining gas slits and an exhausting hole; and baffles on an inner side surface of the process part, excluding the exhausting hole.

Abstract: A method of updating a server knowledge graph, is performed by a server and includes obtaining a server knowledge graph of the server, and obtaining a plurality of device knowledge graphs by receiving a device knowledge graph from each of a plurality of devices. The method further includes generating a knowledge graph for server knowledge graph extension, based on the obtained plurality of device knowledge graphs, and updating the obtained server knowledge graph, using the generated knowledge graph for server knowledge graph extension.

Abstract: A method of updating a server knowledge graph, is performed by a server and includes obtaining a server knowledge graph of the server, and obtaining a plurality of device knowledge graphs by receiving a device knowledge graph from each of a plurality of devices. The method further includes generating a knowledge graph for server knowledge graph extension, based on the obtained plurality of device knowledge graphs, and updating the obtained server knowledge graph, using the generated knowledge graph for server knowledge graph extension.

Abstract: A method of updating a server knowledge graph, is performed by a server and includes obtaining a server knowledge graph of the server, and obtaining a plurality of device knowledge graphs by receiving a device knowledge graph from each of a plurality of devices. The method further includes generating a knowledge graph for server knowledge graph extension, based on the obtained plurality of device knowledge graphs, and updating the obtained server knowledge graph, using the generated knowledge graph for server knowledge graph extension.

Abstract: Methods of reducing registration errors of photomasks and photomasks formed using the methods are provided. The method may include forming a plurality of photomask patterns on a substrate and determining registration errors of the plurality of photomask patterns. The method may further include forming a plurality of stress-producing portions in the substrate to reduce the registration errors by considering exposure latitude variations.

Abstract: Methods of reducing registration errors of photomasks and photomasks formed using the methods are provided. The method may include forming a plurality of photomask patterns on a substrate and determining registration errors of the plurality of photomask patterns. The method may further include forming a plurality of stress-producing portions in the substrate to reduce the registration errors by considering exposure latitude variations.