Abstract: A self-cleaning device comprises at least one first electrode disposed on a solid material layer, a first dielectric layer disposed on the first electrode, a hydrophobic layer disposed on the first dielectric layer, and at least one mechanical oscillation unit. Electrical oscillation for oscillating a droplet in a horizontal direction is generated by applying a first electric signal to the first electrode, thereby merging droplets formed on the hydrophobic layer, the mechanical oscillation unit moves the merged droplets in a specific direction or atomizes the merged droplets to remove the merged droplets by generating mechanical oscillation for oscillating the droplet in a vertical direction, and each of the droplets has a volume smaller than 3 ?l, and new droplet having a volume more than 3 ?l is generated by the merging.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device includes: providing a glass including an edge region and an inner region; arranging a light source under the glass; setting a center position of the light source to correspond to an inside of the edge region or an inside of the inner region of the glass; directing light into the glass by using the light source; and detecting a defect in the edge region of the glass by receiving light passing through the glass by using a detection camera.

Abstract: A display device includes a display portion, a display driver, a touch sensing portion, and a touch driver. The display portion includes data lines, scan lines, and pixels connected to the data lines and the scan lines. The display driver provides data signals to the data lines and sequentially provides scan signals to the scan lines. The touch sensing portion includes sensing electrodes. The touch driver senses a touch input based on a change of a capacitance between the sensing electrodes and calculates a movement speed of the touch input. When the movement speed of the touch input is greater than a reference speed, a first period in which the scan signals and the data signals are provided is reduced in a frame period in which a frame image is displayed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing glutathione, wherein photosynthetic membrane vesicles and enzymes catalyzing glutathione synthesis are combined and glutamate, cysteine and glycine are used as reaction substrates. As enzymes catalyzing glutathione synthesis, ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase may be used together, or bifunctional glutathione synthetase may be used alone. According to the conventional methods, there is a problem in that expensive adenosine triphosphate should be continuously supplied when glutathione is produced. However, according to the present invention, since photosynthetic membrane vesicles are used as a source to regenerate adenosine triphosphate, it is possible to continuously produce glutathione without additionally adding adenosine triphosphate, thereby reducing production costs of glutathione.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device includes: providing a glass including an edge region and an inner region; arranging a light source under the glass; setting a center position of the light source to correspond to an inside of the edge region or an inside of the inner region of the glass; directing light into the glass by using the light source; and detecting a defect in the edge region of the glass by receiving light passing through the glass by using a detection camera.

Abstract: A flexible display device includes a flexible display panel that includes a display region, a gamma data storage that stores entire driving gamma data generated by a first multi-time programming for an entirety of the display region, and partial driving gamma data generated by a second multi-time programming for a portion of the display region, a gamma reference voltage generator that generates a gamma reference voltage based on the entire driving gamma data when the flexible display panel is not deformed, and generates the gamma reference voltage based on the partial driving gamma data when the flexible display panel is deformed, and a data driver that provides data voltages to the flexible display panel based on the gamma reference voltage.

Abstract: A display device includes a display portion, a display driver, a touch sensing portion, and a touch driver. The display portion includes data lines, scan lines, and pixels connected to the data lines and the scan lines. The display driver provides data signals to the data lines and sequentially provides scan signals to the scan lines. The touch sensing portion includes sensing electrodes. The touch driver senses a touch input based on a change of a capacitance between the sensing electrodes and calculates a movement speed of the touch input. When the movement speed of the touch input is greater than a reference speed, a first period in which the scan signals and the data signals are provided is reduced in a frame period in which a frame image is displayed.

Abstract: A flexible display device includes a flexible display panel that includes a display region, a gamma data storage that stores entire driving gamma data generated by a first multi-time programming for an entirety of the display region, and partial driving gamma data generated by a second multi-time programming for a portion of the display region, a gamma reference voltage generator that generates a gamma reference voltage based on the entire driving gamma data when the flexible display panel is not deformed, and generates the gamma reference voltage based on the partial driving gamma data when the flexible display panel is deformed, and a data driver that provides data voltages to the flexible display panel based on the gamma reference voltage.

Abstract: A display device includes a display portion, a display driver, a touch sensing portion, and a touch driver. The display portion includes data lines, scan lines, and pixels connected to the data lines and the scan lines. The display driver provides data signals to the data lines and sequentially provides scan signals to the scan lines. The touch sensing portion includes sensing electrodes. The touch driver senses a touch input based on a change of a capacitance between the sensing electrodes and calculates a movement speed of the touch input. When the movement speed of the touch input is greater than a reference speed, a first period in which the scan signals and the data signals are provided is reduced in a frame period in which a frame image is displayed.

Abstract: A display device includes a display portion, a display driver, a touch sensing portion, and a touch driver. The display portion includes data lines, scan lines, and pixels connected to the data lines and the scan lines. The display driver provides data signals to the data lines and sequentially provides scan signals to the scan lines. The touch sensing portion includes sensing electrodes. The touch driver senses a touch input based on a change of a capacitance between the sensing electrodes and calculates a movement speed of the touch input. When the movement speed of the touch input is greater than a reference speed, a first period in which the scan signals and the data signals are provided is reduced in a frame period in which a frame image is displayed.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate; a display area with a plurality of pixels on the first substrate; a pad portion adjacent to a first side of the display area and including a plurality of connecting pads positioned on the first substrate; a first common power wire positioned between the display area and the pad portion and connected to a first connecting pad as at least one of the plurality of connecting pads to receive a power voltage; a second common power wire positioned adjacent to a second side of the display area facing the first side; an encapsulation layer positioned on the display area to protect the plurality of pixels; and a first path wire including one end connected to a second connecting pad of the plurality of connecting pads and the other end connected to the second common power wire and positioned on the encapsulation layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing glutathione, wherein photosynthetic membrane vesicles and enzymes catalyzing glutathione synthesis are combined and glutamate, cysteine and glycine are used as reaction substrates. As enzymes catalyzing glutathione synthesis, ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase may be used together, or bifunctional glutathione synthetase may be used alone. According to the conventional methods, there is a problem in that expensive adenosine triphosphate should be continuously supplied when glutathione is produced. However, according to the present invention, since photosynthetic membrane vesicles are used as a source to regenerate adenosine triphosphate, it is possible to continuously produce glutathione without additionally adding adenosine triphosphate, thereby reducing production costs of glutathione.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle synthesizing a carbohydrate product from carbon dioxide in vitro. In addition, the present invention relates to a unit or a composition carrying out carbon dioxide fixation in cyclic manner. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method to fix carbon dioxide or a method to produce glyoxylate from the carbon dioxide fixation cycle. The present carbon dioxide fixation cycle is not found in natural world, and we found that, when the novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle is used, only three ATP molecules are consumed to fix one carbon dioxide molecule, and thus novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle has an energy conversion efficiency approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the Calvin cycle.

Abstract: A bacterial strain secreting fatty acids, the strain inducing fatty acids to be extracellularly secreted by using phospholipase expressed in the periplasmic space of cell. When a method of producing fatty acids by using the bacterial strain secreting fatty acids is used, fatty acids extracellularly secreted are continuously obtained without apoptosis, leading to lower costs and higher production efficiency. Phospholipase, unlike thioesterase, which is a typical fatty-acid degrading enzyme, decomposes phospholipid to produce free fatty acids. Accordingly, by using the substrate specificity of two different phospholipases, a fatty acid having a specific composition can be selectively produced. Unlike in a typical method in which fat is obtained from cells or tissues, fatty acids secreted during cell growth are obtainable by biding to a hydrophobic material without an extraction process using an organic solvent in large quantities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for production of photosynthetic light-reaction products comprising photosynthetic membrane vesicles, and a production method for the photosynthetic light-reaction products by using the composition. In addition, the present invention relates to a preparation method for a photosynthetic light-reaction monomer comprising a step of isolating vesicles from the cell membrane of photosynthetic bacteria or algae.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate; a display area with a plurality of pixels on the first substrate; a pad portion adjacent to a first side of the display area and including a plurality of connecting pads positioned on the first substrate; a first common power wire positioned between the display area and the pad portion and connected to a first connecting pad as at least one of the plurality of connecting pads to receive a power voltage; a second common power wire positioned adjacent to a second side of the display area facing the first side; an encapsulation layer positioned on the display area to protect the plurality of pixels; and a first path wire including one end connected to a second connecting pad of the plurality of connecting pads and the other end connected to the second common power wire and positioned on the encapsulation layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing glutathione, wherein photosynthetic membrane vesicles and enzymes catalyzing glutathione synthesis are combined and glutamate, cysteine and glycine are used as reaction substrates. As enzymes catalyzing glutathione synthesis, ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase may be used together, or bifunctional glutathione synthetase may be used alone. According to the conventional methods, there is a problem in that expensive adenosine triphosphate should be continuously supplied when glutathione is produced. However, according to the present invention, since photosynthetic membrane vesicles are used as a source to regenerate adenosine triphosphate, it is possible to continuously produce glutathione without additionally adding adenosine triphosphate, thereby reducing production costs of glutathione.

Abstract: A method of continuously producing 5-aminolevulinic acid employs the photosynthetic bacteria-derived photosynthetic membrane vesicle, succinyl-CoA synthetase, and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase. The enzymatic synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid directly from succinic acid and glycine may be simple, but the synthesis is not inexpensive due to the supply of ATP and CoA, which are relatively expensive reactants. The photosynthetic membrane vesicle is used together with succinyl-CoA synthetase and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase, thereby enabling the re-use of adenosine diphosphate or CoA in reaction. Accordingly, relatively expensive 5-aminolevulinic acid can be efficiently produced at low manufacturing costs from succinic acid and glycine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle synthesizing a carbohydrate product from carbon dioxide in vitro. In addition, the present invention relates to a unit or a composition carrying out carbon dioxide fixation in cyclic manner. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method to fix carbon dioxide or a method to produce glyoxylate from the carbon dioxide fixation cycle. The present carbon dioxide fixation cycle is not found in natural world, and we found that, when the novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle is used, only three ATP molecules are consumed to fix one carbon dioxide molecule, and thus novel carbon dioxide fixation cycle has an energy conversion efficiency approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the Calvin cycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for production of photosynthetic light-reaction products comprising photosynthetic membrane vesicles, and a production method for the photosynthetic light-reaction products by using the composition. In addition, the present invention relates to a preparation method for a photosynthetic light-reaction monomer comprising a step of isolating vesicles from the cell membrane of photosynthetic bacteria or algae.