Abstract: One embodiment discloses a DC-DC converter which, in a solar-related energy storage system, cuts-off the over-discharging of a battery, and a control method thereof. Specifically, disclosed are a DC-DC converter which protects a battery by appropriately switching between a sleep mode which minimizes battery consumption by maintaining only minimized functions and a cut-off mode which prevents the battery from over-discharging by physically cutting off a circuit connected to the battery, and a control method thereof. Also, an embodiment discloses a DC-DC converter or reverse wiring protection device for between a solar panel and a battery.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device may include a switching element disposed on a substrate, a planarization layer covering the switching element, a first electrode disposed on the planarization layer and coupled to the switching element, a first through hole being defined in a peripheral portion of the first electrode, a pixel defining layer covering the peripheral portion of the first electrode to expose an emission portion of the first electrode, an organic light emitting layer disposed on the emission portion of the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the organic light emitting layer.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device may include a switching element disposed on a substrate, a planarization layer covering the switching element, a first electrode disposed on the planarization layer and coupled to the switching element, a first through hole being defined in a peripheral portion of the first electrode, a pixel defining layer covering the peripheral portion of the first electrode to expose an emission portion of the first electrode, an organic light emitting layer disposed on the emission portion of the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the organic light emitting layer.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides a container cap. The container cap comprises a cap, a handling outer portion, and connecting walls. The cap has a closed end and an open end. The handling outer portion encloses the cap and including recesses and a plurality of protrusions. The plurality of connecting walls connect an outer wall of the cap and an inner wall of the handling outer portion, wherein the connecting walls are disposed radially. The voids are provided between the outer wall of the cap, the inner wall of the holding outer portion, and the connecting walls.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides a container cap. The container cap comprises a cap, a handling outer portion, and connecting walls. The cap has a closed end and an open end. The handling outer portion encloses the cap and including recesses and a plurality of protrusions. The plurality of connecting walls connect an outer wall of the cap and an inner wall of the handling outer portion, wherein the connecting walls are disposed radially. The voids are provided between the outer wall of the cap, the inner wall of the holding outer portion, and the connecting walls.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides a container cap. The container cap comprises a cap, a handling outer portion, and connecting walls. The cap has a closed end and an open end. The handling outer portion encloses the cap and including recesses and a plurality of protrusions. The plurality of connecting walls connect an outer wall of the cap and an inner wall of the handling outer portion, wherein the connecting walls are disposed radially. The voids are provided between the outer wall of the cap, the inner wall of the holding outer portion, and the connecting walls.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device includes forming a gate pattern over a silicon substrate, forming gate spacers over both sidewalls of the gate pattern, forming a dummy gate spacer over a sidewall of each one of the gate spacers, forming a recess region having inclined sidewalls extending in a direction to a channel region under the gate pattern by recess-etching the silicon substrate, filling the recess region with an epitaxial film, which becomes a source region or a drain region, through a selective epitaxial growth process, and removing the dummy gate spacer.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board and a bracket structure for the hard disk drive. The flexible printed circuit board includes a base layer, a circuit layer provided on the base layer, a cover layer provided on the circuit layer, and a filter layer interposed between the base layer and the circuit layer. Also, the bracket structure includes a flexible printed circuit board for driving an actuator, a bracket connected to the flexible printed circuit board, and a filter interposed between the flexible printed circuit board and the bracket. Thermal asperity caused by fine particles in the hard disk drive is prevented so that performance deterioration of the hard disk drive is prevented and reliability thereof is improved.

Abstract: A flat panel audio output apparatus including a plurality of flat panels; and one or more vibrators respectively provided to each of the flat panels to vibrate the flat panels to make a sound; wherein the one or more vibrators of each one of the respective flat panels receives audio signals of a different channel and/or a different frequency band than those received by the one or more vibrators of at least one of the remaining flat panels.

Abstract: A suspension assembly elastically biasing a slider toward a surface of a disk, in which a read/write head is mounted on the slider. In the suspension assembly, a load beam is coupled to a first portion of a swing arm of the actuator. A flexure supports the slider and has a first end portion fixed to a disk facing surface of the load beam and a second end portion extended toward a first end portion of the load beam. An end-tab is extended from the first end portion of the load beam. When the head is parked, the end-tab is supported by a ramp, which is arranged at an outside of the disk.

Abstract: A flat panel audio output apparatus including a plurality of flat panels; and one or more vibrators respectively provided to each of the flat panels to vibrate the flat panels to make a sound; wherein the one or more vibrators of each one of the respective flat panels receives audio signals of a different channel and/or a different frequency band than those received by the one or more vibrators of at least one of the remaining flat panels.

Abstract: A method and developing apparatus are provided. The method and apparatus comprise a developing carrier, spaced apart from an image carrier at a predetermined interval, for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier during rotation; and a rotational member, rotatably installed adjacent to the image carrier, for generating an air stream reverse to that generated by rotation of both the image carrier and the developer carrier, thereby inhibiting a developer from being scattered.

Abstract: A display device includes a first receiving container, a display panel, and a second receiving container. The first receiving container includes a receiving bottom portion and a receiving side portion. The receiving side portion extends from an edge of the receiving bottom portion. The receiving bottom portion and the receiving side portion together define a receiving space therein. The display panel is positioned in the first receiving container. The display panel is configured for displaying images. The second receiving container includes a panel support portion and a chassis side portion. The second receiving container is partially combined with the first receiving container. The panel support portion fixes an edge of the display panel. The chassis side portion extends from an edge of the panel support portion. The receiving container and the top chassis may be efficiently combined without aid of a screw.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit and a bracket structure for the hard disk drive. The flexible printed circuit includes a base layer, a circuit layer provided on the base layer, a cover layer provided on the circuit layer, and a filter layer interposed between the base layer and the circuit layer. Also, the bracket structure includes a flexible printed circuit for driving an actuator, a bracket connected to the flexible printed circuit, and a filter interposed between the flexible printed circuit and the bracket. Thermal asperity caused by fine particles in the hard disk drive is prevented so that performance deterioration of the hard disk drive is prevented and reliability thereof is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flat panel audio output apparatus including a flat panel with a plurality of channel areas divided according to audio channels, with a division area separating the channel areas from each other to prevent vibrations between the channel areas from interfering with each other, and a plurality of vibrators provided in the respective channel areas, vibrating the respective channel areas to output sound based on audio signals provided to the vibrators corresponding to the audio channels. Thus, embodiments of the present invention provide a flat panel audio output apparatus and method, a video/audio output apparatus, and a flat panel audio output method, preventing sound quality from being deteriorated due to interference between sound output from a plurality of audio channels.

Abstract: An electro-photographic image forming apparatus preventing toner from scattering during a printing operation and a control method of the same. The electro-photographic image forming apparatus includes a scattering preventive member being disposed downstream of the developing roller at a predetermined distance from the photosensitive medium, and a voltage being applied, and a controller controlling the voltage that is applied to the scattering preventive member so as to transport the toner attached on the scattering preventive member to the photosensitive medium.

Abstract: Provided is a flexible printed circuit including a circuit layer with a desired circuit formed thereon, a base layer supporting the circuit layer, a conductive metal layer positioned on at least one side of the base layer, and an insulation film interposed between the base layer and the conductive metal layer. A hole is formed on the circuit layer and the base layer through punching work, and the insulation film covers one end of the hole.

Abstract: A head drum assembly for a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus that records information onto a recording medium or reproduces the recorded information from the recording medium includes a stationary drum mounted to a deck chassis, a shaft fixed to a center portion of the stationary drum, a rotary drum rotatably fixed to the shaft and having a plurality of heads for recording and reproducing the information with respect to the recording medium, and an airflow groove disposed at an uppermost stream in a running direction of the recording medium and proximal where the stationary drum contacts the recording medium. The airflow groove communicates with an inner space of the stationary drum and an outer circumference of the stationary drum that is adjacent to the rotary drum. The air flowing between the stationary drum and the rotary drum during rotation of the rotary drum flows toward the recording medium through the airflow groove.

Abstract: A developer scattering prevention unit used with an electrophotographic image forming device includes an air inlet/outlet pipe installed adjacent to an intermediate area between an image carrier and a developer and having a first air inlet/outlet port opened toward the intermediate area, and at least one vacuum source installed on at least one of the image carrier and the developer carrier to communicate with the air inlet/outlet pipe to control air to flow from the intermediate area through the first air inlet/outlet port. A developing device having this developer scattering prevention function becomes simplified in structure.