Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its to correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present flourometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The flourometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each flourescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: This invention concerns a fluorometer preferably combined with a thermal cycler useful in biochemical protocols such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA melting curve analysis. The present fluorometer features a low heat-generating light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), having a one-to-one correspondence to each of a plurality of sample containers, such as capped PCR tubes in a standard titer tray. The fluorometer of the present invention further comprises an optical path between each LED and its correspondingly positioned container, and another optical path between each fluorescing sample within the positioned container and an optical signal sensing means. The instrument can be computer controlled.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus for positioning a point on a cylindrical member having a small diameter, such as an optical fiber, along a predetermined reference axis regardless of the outer diameter of the fiber.

Abstract: Segmented waveguides for wavelength conversion (e.g., waveguides comprising alternating sections of crystalline substrate having the formula K.sub.1-x Rb.sub.x TiOMO.sub.4 where x is from 0 to 1 and M is P or As and sections of substrate material in which cations of said substrate have been partially replaced) and devices and processes employing segmented waveguides for wavelength conversion are disclosed wherein a periodic structure along the waveguide provides a Bragg reflection having a wavelength essentially equal to the wavelength of the input wave used for wavelength conversion. Also disclosed is a process for preparing a channel waveguide for a wavelength conversion system wherein areas along a portion of a crystal substrate surface used for forming the desired channel are alternately masked and unmasked during cation replacement by immersion in a molten salt.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus for positioning a point on a cylindrical member having a small diameter, such as an optical fiber, along a predetermined reference axis regardless of the outer diameter of the fiber.

Abstract: Segmented waveguides for wavelength conversion (e.g., waveguides comprising alternating sections of crystalline substrate having the formula K.sub.1-x Rb.sub.x TiOMO.sub.4 where x is from 0 to 1 and M is P or As and sections of substrate material in which cations of said substrate have been partially replaced) and devices and processes employing segmented waveguides for wavelength conversion are disclosed wherein a periodic structure along the waveguide provides a Bragg reflection having a wavelength essentially equal to the wavelength of the input wave used for wavelength conversion. Also disclosed is a process for preparing a channel waveguide for a wavelength conversion system wherein areas along a portion of a crystal substrate surface used for forming the desired channel are alternately masked and unmasked during cation replacement by immersion in a molten salt.

Abstract: An opto-electronic component includes an opto-electronic device of either the edge or the surface active type mounted on a pedestal. A fiber is positionied by a positioning device apparatus. The positioning apparatus includes a superimposed first and a second arm. Each arm may be subdivided into a first and a second finger. The arms (and fingers) are fabricated from a crystalline material. The arms (and fingers) are biased toward a closed position. An optical fiber introduced into a channel defined by the superimposed arms is initially deflected so that a point on the end face of the fiber is placed into alignment with a reference axis. Further axial movement of the fiber through the channel causes the arms to move against the bias force to hold the point on the axis, regardless of the diameter of the fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber switch in which the switching force is applied directly to the fiber. A biasing force, generated by a bending of the fiber, is exerted on the fiber in a direction tending to urge the same toward the bottom of a first groove. The switching force is applied transversely to the direction of the biasing force, and moves the fiber out of the first groove and into a second, adjacent groove. When in the second groove, the biasing force on the fiber urges the same toward the bottom of the second groove.

Abstract: A switch for controlling the transmission of light from a first optical fiber to at least a second optical fiber or from a single bidirectional optical fiber back to itself includes a housing having a spherical concave reflector mounted therewithin. Fiber mounting means is provided for mounting optical fiber(s) at a predetermined location within the housing such that at least a portion of a beam of light emanating from the end face of one fiber propagates along an incidence path toward the reflector from which it is reflected by the curved concave reflector along a predetermined reflectance path. A light interrupter is mounted within the housing for switchable movement between a light transmissive state and a light interruptive state. A light absorbing member is positioned such that residual light reflected from the light interrupter is directed toward and absorbed by the light absorbing member.

Abstract: A fiber optic switch has a fixed member and a movable member mounted for cantilevered movement with respect thereto. Both of the members are fabricated from borosilicate glass.

Abstract: A laser scanning apparatus is characterized by a curved film-receiving field with a conforming photodetector assembly. In one embodiment, the photodetector assembly comprises a plurality of semiconductor elements. In other embodiments, the photodetector assembly includes a photodetector device mounted in light transmissive engagement with a transparent block for receiving light passed through a radiographic film.

Abstract: A control system for controlling the velocity of a member in a printing system which utilizes a signal representative of the time variation in intensity produced by the Doppler shift between radiation reflected from the moving member and a reference signal to generate a control signal for correcting the velocity of the moving member. The control signal is applied to a servo mechanism to modify the velocity of the moving member in the appropriate manner.

Abstract: A colorimeter for measuring color of an object, in particular for measuring the color of liquids such as paints in a process stream. In the colorimeter, a single analytical light beam, with its blue and red intensity ratio controlled through a feedback loop, is directed to a sample whose color is being measured. A portion of the analytical light beam is reflected from the sample into a grating monochromator which disperses the light beam into its spectra. A detector array is attached to the monochromator which converts the spectra of the light beam into discrete signals which are then multiplexed with instrument status and reference color signals into an A/D converter. The output of the A/D converter is then fed directly to a computer programmed to directly provide standard color values.

Abstract: An improved spectrophotometer having a light source, a scanning type monochromator that provides light beams of different wavelengths over a light spectrum being scanned, and an object photometer for measuring the intensity of reflected light from an object being tested and generating an electrical signal proportional to the intensity of the light measured and connected to means for recording the signal as a function of wavelength measured, the improvement used therewith comprising:(a) a beam splitter that divides the beam exiting from the monochromator into first and second light beams, whereby the first beam is incident upon the object;(b) a reference photometer that measures the flux of the second light beam and generates an output electrical signal proportional to the intensity of the light measured; and(c) a light source control, connecting the reference photometer and the light source, which receives the electrical signal from the reference photometer and generates a feedback electrical signal to adjust