Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of reducing or preventing the growth of microbes on the surface of an object, wherein the object is of such material that it can act as a working electrode. The method comprises the steps of providing a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The object is used as the working electrode. A first electrical current is passed through the working and counter electrodes. The first current through the counter electrode is varied such that a first electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode. In some embodiments, a second electrical current is passed through the counter electrode such that a second electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode.

Abstract: A chamber for testing the reactivity of patient fluids to a metallic implant alloy, such as CoCrMo, and a method of determining the reactivity of the patent to the alloy. A sealed mini-electrochemical cell incorporates the alloy surface as well as reference and counter electrodes coupled to a potentiostat for performing electrochemical measurements of the alloy surface while it is in direct contact with freshly harvested human fluids. Freshly obtained body fluids are thus assessed in terms of their bioelectrochemical reactivity with the alloy surface as a measure of the likely reactivity of the patient to the alloy if it were to be implanted into the patient.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method of reducing or preventing the growth of microbes on the surface of an object, wherein the object is of such material that it can act as a working electrode. The method comprises the steps of providing a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The object is used as the working electrode. A first electrical current is passed through the working and counter electrodes. The first current through the counter electrode is varied such that a first electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode. In some embodiments, a second electrical current is passed through the counter electrode such that a second electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of reducing or preventing the growth of microbes on the surface of an object, wherein the object is of such material that it can act as a working electrode. The method comprises the steps of providing a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The object is used as the working electrode. Electrical current is passed through the working and counter electrodes. The current through the counter electrode is varied such that the electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode. Also described is an apparatus for reducing or preventing microbes on an object using a potentiostatic device.

Abstract: Describe is an apparatus for reducing or preventing the growth of microbes on the surface of an object, wherein the object is of such material that it can act as a working electrode. The apparatus comprises counter electrode, a reference electrode, and an electrical lead for attachment to the object such that the object can be used as the working electrode. A potentiostatic device is configured to pass electrical current through the working and counter electrodes. The current through the counter electrode is varied such that the electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode.

Abstract: A chamber for testing the reactivity of patient fluids to a metallic implant alloy, such as CoCrMo, and a method of determining the reactivity of the patent to the alloy. A sealed mini-electrochemical cell incorporates the alloy surface as well as reference and counter electrodes coupled to a potentiostat for performing electrochemical measurements of the alloy surface while it is in direct contact with freshly harvested human fluids. Freshly obtained body fluids are thus assessed in terms of their bioelectrochemical reactivity with the alloy surface as a measure of the likely reactivity of the patient to the alloy if it were to be implanted into the patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides Nalidixic acid and analogues of Nalidixic acid, and methods for treating inflammatory disorders. The Nalidixic acid and analogues of Nalidixic acid may be formulated for topical delivery or systemic delivery. The inflammatory disorders that may be treated with the Nalidixic acid and analogues of Nalidixic acid include respiratory diseases, chronic degenerative diseases, dematological conditions, chronic demyelinating diseases, dental diseases, ophthalmic conditions, inflammatory bowel diseases, and graft versus host diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides Nalidixic acid and analogues of Nalidixic acid, pharmaceutical compositions including at least one of Nalidixic acid and analogues of Nalidixic acid, and methods for treating inflammatory ophthalmic disorders by local administration. The ophthalmic disorders may be characterized by ocular inflammation, dry eye disorders, pathological ocular angiogenesis, or retinal or sub-retinal edema.

Abstract: An external or implantable system for measuring for measuring electrical factors, such as voltage, current, and impedance, to assess the behavior of metallic biomaterials surfaces and to determine the corrosion-based activity of the surfaces while placed in their normal location within the human body. The system includes electrodes for interrogating the medical implant and electronics for monitoring the implant and controlling the electrodes, as well as a power source and communication module.

Abstract: A method for enabling the provisioning and execution of a platform-independent application includes receiving, by a mobile computing device, from a provisioning source, an XML document describing at least a portion of functionality provided by an application. An abstraction layer executing on the mobile computing device populates a Document Object Model (“DOM”) structure at least in part representing the running state of the application consistent with the received XML document. The abstraction layer presents a device-appropriate application user interface responsive to the DOM structure. The application receives a user input from within the rendered application user interface. Programming code referenced by the DOM receives, from the abstraction layer, the input event. The programming code reconfigures the DOM, in response to the received input event to reflect a response by the application to the input.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of reducing or preventing the growth of microbes on the surface of an object, wherein the object is of such material that it can act as a working electrode. The method comprises the steps of providing a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The object is used as the working electrode. Electrical current is passed through the working and counter electrodes. The current through the counter electrode is varied such that the electric potential of the working electrode is constant relative to the electric potential of the reference electrode. Also described is an apparatus for reducing or preventing microbes on an object using a potentiostatic device.

Abstract: A method for enabling the provisioning and execution of a platform-independent application includes receiving, by a mobile computing device, from a provisioning source, an XML document describing at least a portion of functionality provided by an application. An abstraction layer executing on the mobile computing device populates a Document Object Model (“DOM”) structure at least in part representing the running state of the application consistent with the received XML document. The abstraction layer presents a device-appropriate application user interface responsive to the DOM structure. The application receives a user input from within the rendered application user interface. Programming code referenced by the DOM receives, from the abstraction layer, the input event. The programming code reconfigures the DOM, in response to the received input event to reflect a response by the application to the input.

Abstract: A method for selectively dissolving the beta (?) phase of a titanium alloy out of the surface of the alloy, thereby leaving behind a nano-scale porous surface having enhanced bonding properties with either a biological tissue, such as bone, or an adhesive material, such as a polymer or ceramic by immersing the alloy in an ionic aqueous solution containing high levels of hydrogen peroxide and then exposing the alloy to an electrochemical voltage process resulting in the selective dissolution of the beta phase to form a nano-topographic metallic surface.

Abstract: A thin high strength polymer based self-reinforced composite (SRC) made from a biocompatible and commonly used orthopedic implant material is interposed between the hard connections of the modular taper interface of an orthopedic implant. A thick film of this ultra high strength SRC with the fibers oriented to maximally resist the fretting motion and wear, can be interposed between the modular components to result in a relatively soft, non-conducting interposed layer that will prevent contact between hard interfaces and reduce or eliminate the oxide film abrasion associated with this mechanism. Alternatively, the SRC may be formed using surface control methods resist fretting, such as by using sticky-compliant surfaces and channels for fluid, among others.

Abstract: A system and method for treating bacterial cells with an electrochemical process, alone or in combination with antibiotics. Weak electric currents are used to effectively eliminate bacterial cells. The method may be adapted for novel therapies of chronic infections and strategies to control persistent biofouling. The system has broad spectrum applications in treating chronic and drug resistant infections, such as those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and may also be used for decontamination of medical devices.

Abstract: A system and method for treating persister cells with an electrochemical process, alone or in combination with antibiotics. Weak electric currents are used to effectively eliminate persister cells and the efficacy can be further improved through synergistic effects with antibiotics. The method may be adapted for novel therapies of chronic infections and strategies to control persistent biofouling. The system has a broad spectrum applications in treating chronic and drug resistant infections, such as those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and may also be used for decontamination of medical devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to methods for fabricating devices on semiconductor substrates. More specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to methods of patterning magnetic materials. Certain embodiments described herein use a reducing chemistry containing a hydrogen gas or hydrogen containing gas with an optional dilution gas at temperatures ranging from 20 to 300 degrees Celsius at a substrate bias less than 1,000 DC voltage to reduce the amount of sputtering and redeposition. Exemplary hydrogen containing gases which may be used with the embodiments described herein include NH3, H2, CH4, C2H4, SiH4, and H2S. It has been found that patterning a magnetic tunnel junction with an oxidizer-free gas mixture comprising hydrogen maintains the integrity of the magnetic tunnel junction without producing harmful conductive residue.

Abstract: A method for enabling the creation and management of a platform-independent application whose appearance and functionality is consistently propagated across heterogeneous device types includes receiving, by a device, a platform-independent data superstructure defining application appearance and behavior, the platform-independent data superstructure storing an application state, program code and internal logic of the application. A superstructure-dedicated operating system instantiates the application in the device according to the platform-independent data superstructure. The platform-independent data superstructure receives, from a device-native operating system via communication with the superstructure-dedicated operating system, at least one application event generated by an execution of the instantiated application and representative of an update to the application state.

Abstract: A method for enabling the creation and management of a platform-independent application whose appearance and functionality is consistently propagated across heterogeneous device types includes receiving, by a device, a platform-independent data superstructure defining application appearance and behavior, the platform-independent data superstructure storing an application state, program code and internal logic of the application. A superstructure-dedicated operating system instantiates the application in the device according to the platform-independent data superstructure. The platform-independent data superstructure receives, from a device-native operating system via communication with the superstructure-dedicated operating system, at least one application event generated by an execution of the instantiated application and representative of an update to the application state.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to methods for fabricating devices on semiconductor substrates. More specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to methods of patterning magnetic materials. Certain embodiments described herein use a reducing chemistry containing a hydrogen gas or hydrogen containing gas with an optional dilution gas at temperatures ranging from 20 to 300 degrees Celsius at a substrate bias less than 1,000 DC voltage to reduce the amount of sputtering and redeposition. Exemplary hydrogen containing gases which may be used with the embodiments described herein include NH3, H2, CH4, C2H4, SiH4, and H2S. It has been found that patterning a magnetic tunnel junction with an oxidizer-free gas mixture comprising hydrogen maintains the integrity of the magnetic tunnel junction without producing harmful conductive residue.