Abstract: Method for exploitation of a sedimentary basin containing hydrocarbons by means of a basin simulation. On the basis of a reconstitution of the formation of the first of the layers of the basin, for at least one of the layers underlying the first layer, a conjoint basin simulation of the layer concerned and at least one underlying layer is carried out. A conjoint geomechanical simulation of the layer concerned and at least one underlying layer is then carried out. If the deviation between some of the parameters from the geomechanical simulation and those from the basin simulation is above a predefined threshold the previous steps are repeated applying a correction to the basin simulation. The basin is then exploited as a function of the results of the basin simulation. Application in particular to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits.