Abstract: A wind-turbine apparatus uses turbine-generated electrical energy to convert water to hydrogen in an electrolysis process, and stores the hydrogen in a subsea vessel. The submerged vessel is configured to contain and transport compressed hydrogen. By monitoring the vessel's hoop tension, ballast may be controlled to vary the buoyancy of the vessel. Electrical generating apparatus may use a wind turbine, water turbine or photovoltaic array, or combination thereof. The apparatus may employ an offshore fluid-turbine array or an onshore-turbine array combined with a photovoltaic array with associated fuel-synthesis hardware.

Abstract: A shallow-draft float is configured with above-float buoyancy or below-float water lifters dimensioned to control the righting arm of the turbine as tip angle increases to 15 and then 30 degrees. The embodiment is configured for use with a floating wind turbine that has a center of mass above the water surface and is supported by relatively small floats. In an example embodiment, a buoyant structure resides above the float and provides additional flotation when submerged. In another embodiment, the structure beneath the water surface contains water that provides ballast as the float moves above the water surface. In various embodiments, structural elements that provide ballast or flotation may be stowed until needed.

Abstract: Microfluidic devices for sterilizing fluids using pulsed electric fields are disclosed. In some embodiments, a device may include first and second electrode layers and a spacer layer positioned between the electrode layers. The spacer layer may define one or more fluid channels extending between the electrode layers. A power supply may be coupled to the electrode layers and configured to supply voltage pulses to the electrode layers to generate electric field pulses within the fluid channels. In some embodiments, the electrode layers may be textured such that the electric fields generated in the fluid channels are non-uniform.

Abstract: A mooring line on a second turbine has a hitch point with a mechanical connection to moor the turbine, and an energy conduit connection for transferring energy. The hitch point on the second turbine is adapted to align to a hitch point on a first turbine and to transfer both mechanical and energy conduit connections from the second turbine to the first turbine, releasing the second turbine. In this manner, the second turbine may be towed away for maintenance or repair, and the first turbine may remain to generate energy.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting mechanical energy from wind to fluid-fuel energy is an offshore wind-turbine apparatus. Electrical energy generated by the turbine is used in an electrolysis process to convert sea water to fluid fuel. The fuel may be stored in tanks beneath the water surface or on the ocean floor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for storing energy in the form of liquid ammonia by converting mechanical energy from wind to liquid-fuel energy with an offshore wind-turbine apparatus is disclosed. Electrical energy generated by the turbine is used in an electrolysis process to convert sea water to liquid ammonia. The fuel may be stored in containers on a barge for electrical energy production through a fuel cell or for transfer to another vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating offshore wind employs shallow draft floats supporting a lattice tower with a wide base having a single-line anchoring providing passive yawing. The lattice structure supports a horizontal shaft at both ends of the shaft for rotating a rotor assembly. Mechanical energy from the rotor may be transferred to electrical generation equipment located at the base of the structure.

Abstract: A mooring line that provides substantially constant force, also referred to a mooring line that is always soft, allows the orbital motion of a moored turbine structure under varying wave conditions and is suitable for storm conditions when the turbine is not operating. A mooring line with substantially constant force does not create surge acceleration from heave acceleration and does not cause the turbine structure to be pulled through the water relative to orbital velocity.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hypoxia delivery are provided. An apparatus for providing intermittent normoxia and hypoxia intervals includes a breathing component, a normoxia fluid source, a hypoxia fluid source, a valve, and a control system. The valve is configured to disrupt flow from at least one of the normoxia fluid source and the hypoxia fluid source and the control system is configured to cause the at least one valve to switch between delivery of fluid from the normoxia fluid source and the hypoxia fluid source while maintaining positive pressure at the breathing component.

Abstract: Disclosed are wind turbines suitable for floating application. The wind turbines include multiple floats and multiple towers connected to the floats, a turbine rotor, including a hub and a plurality of blades, structurally supported by the plurality of towers, the turbine rotor coupled to an electrical generator; and have a very shallow draft even for rated capacities of at least 1 MW. The wind turbines can have a single mooring line for yawing eliminating the need for a nacelle, and can allow for deck-level belt driven electrical generators without the need for gear boxes.