Abstract: Measure-up processes described herein provide data that enable three-dimensional (3D) positioning of a tip of a bucket of an excavator. The processes may include steps of curling a bucket of the excavator in and out, moving a stick of the excavator in and out, and moving the bucket so that it touches a point at different bucket angles. During each of the steps, data is generated using a tilt compensating survey pole and one or more inertial measurement units (IMUs).

Abstract: A line marking apparatus, for use in a system that includes a source of a narrow beam of radiation which extends substantially horizontally along or parallel to a line to be marked, includes a wheeled chassis and a line marking head for dispensing line marking material. The marking head is supported on the chassis for lateral movement relative thereto, which movement is controlled by a controller that includes a detector which is movable with the marking head and is positioned and directed to detect such a beam of radiation, the marking head being movable together with the detector in response to a detected beam. Lateral movement of the marking head is thereby controlled such that the head and the detector substantially follow the line to be marked irrespective of whether the chassis deviates from the line direction.

Abstract: A line marking apparatus, for use in a system that includes a source of a narrow beam of radiation which extends substantially horizontally along or parallel to a line to be marked, includes a wheeled chassis and a line marking head for dispensing line marking material. The marking head is supported on the chassis for lateral movement relative thereto, which movement is controlled by a controller that includes a detector which is movable with the marking head and is positioned and directed to detect such a beam of radiation, the marking head being movable together with the detector in response to a detected beam. Lateral movement of the marking head is thereby controlled such that the head and the detector substantially follow the line to be marked irrespective of whether the chassis deviates from the line direction.

Abstract: A line marking apparatus, for use in a system that includes a source of a narrow beam of radiation which extends substantially horizontally along or parallel to a line to be marked, includes a wheeled chassis and a line marking head for dispensing line marking material. The marking head is supported on the chassis for lateral movement relative thereto, which movement is controlled by a controller that includes a detector which is movable with the marking head and is positioned and directed to detect such a beam of radiation, the marking head being movable together with the detector in response to a detected beam. Lateral movement of the marking head is thereby controlled such that the head and the detector substantially follow the line to be marked irrespective of whether the chassis deviates from the line direction.

Abstract: A line marking apparatus includes a chassis (2) provided with wheels (4) and with means (6) for propelling the apparatus. A line marking head (12) is adapted to dispense line marking material so as to mark a line upon a surface over which the apparatus is moved. A support (14) is provided for the line marking head such that the line marking head is movable laterally relative to the chassis. Lateral movement of the line marking head is controlled by a controller which includes a detector (32) for detecting a beam of electromagnetic radiation indicative of the line to be marked and which also includes control means for moving the line marking head in response to detection of the beam by the detector, whereby lateral movement of the line marking head relative to the chassis is controlled such that the line marking head substantially follows the line to be marked irrespective of whether the chassis deviates from the direction of such line.