Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising contacting an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid, and either a diacid of the regenerable anhydride, a partially hydrolyzed regenerable anhydride, or both. In a particular example, acetic acid and glutaric anhydride can be reacted to form acetic anhydride.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising contacting an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid, and either a diacid of the regenerable anhydride, a partially hydrolyzed regenerable anhydride, or both. In a particular example, acetic acid and glutaric anhydride can be reacted to form acetic anhydride.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising contacting an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid, and either a diacid of the regenerable anhydride, a partially hydrolyzed regenerable anhydride, or both. In a particular example, acetic acid and glutaric anhydride can be reacted to form acetic anhydride.

Abstract: Provided is a first process of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising performing a transanhydridization reaction of an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid and an acid of the thermally regenerable anhydride, wherein at least one of the organic mono-acid and thermally regenerable anhydride is provided by a preprocess that is integrated with the first process. An anhydride production system that is integrated with at least one preprocess, a wood acetylation process coupled to an acetic anhydride production process, a process of supplying an acetic acid reactant feed to a transanhydridization reaction unit, and an integrated wood acetylation and anhydride production system also are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising contacting an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid, and either a diacid of the regenerable anhydride, a partially hydrolyzed regenerable anhydride, or both. In a particular example, acetic acid and glutaric anhydride can be reacted to form acetic anhydride.

Abstract: A method comprising; a) assembling a plurality of ceramic filters, into an array wherein two or more of the outer surfaces of each filter are located adjacent to outer surfaces of other ceramic filters with removable spacers located between the adjacent surfaces of ceramic filters such that the spaces between, the adjacent surfaces are uniform m a work surface; b) removing sequentially one or more of the ceramic filters or horizontal rows of the ceramic filters and removing the spacers between adjacent surfaces until a single ceramic fitter or horizontal row remains; c) applying a cement layer to the outer surface of the single ceramic filter or horizontal row on the work surface; d) replacing the next adjacent ceramic filter or horizontal row of ceramic filters in the location the ceramic filler or horizontal row of ceramic filters were removed from; e) sequentially applying layers of cement to the outer surface of a ceramic filter or outer surfaces of a horizontal row of ceramic filters and replacing the ne

Abstract: A method comprising; a) assembling a plurality of ceramic filters, into an array wherein two or more of the outer surfaces of each filter are located adjacent to outer surfaces of other ceramic filters with removable spacers located between the adjacent surfaces of ceramic filters such that the spaces between, the adjacent surfaces are uniform m a work surface; b)removing sequentially one or more of the ceramic filters or horizontal rows of the ceramic filters and removing the spacers between adjacent surfaces until a single ceramic fitter or horizontal row remains; c) applying a cement layer to the outer surface of the single ceramic filter or horizontal row on the work surface; d) replacing the next adjacent ceramic filter or horizontal row of ceramic filters in the location the ceramic filler or horizontal row of ceramic filters were removed from; e) sequentially applying layers of cement to the outer surface of a ceramic filter or outer surfaces of a horizontal row of ceramic filters and replacing the nex

Abstract: The present invention allows tailoring the filter design for optimal engine performance by providing the desirable ratio of greater than one, without necessitating an increase of the overall filter volume and without decreasing filter efficiency. Moreover, the present invention allows an increase in the ratio, while at the same time reducing, the overall filter volume, or in other words, providing smaller filter volume for a given ratio. In addition, the present invention preserves Identical inlet channel surface and outlet channel surface areas, while having the ratio value of greater than one. These advantages achieved by having unique geometry of the cross-sectional area of the inlet and outlet channels, where both channels have the same perimeter length in every embodiment of the invention.

Abstract: Catalysts for the water gas shift reaction contain a variety of late transition metals. The catalytic compositions contain a late transition metal carried on a support which is a carbide, nitride, or mixed carbide nitride of a group 6 metal such as molybdenum, tungsten, and mixtures thereof. The late transition metal includes ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, or gold. The water gas shift reaction may be catalyzed by contacting a gaseous stream containing carbon monoxide and water with such a solid catalyst composition. In some embodiments, the catalysts are several times more active than known commercial catalysts for the water gas shift reaction.

Abstract: Mono- and bimetallic transition metal carbides, nitrides and borides, and their oxygen containing analogs (e.g. oxycarbides) for use as water gas shift catalysts are described. In a preferred embodiment, the catalysts have the general formula of M1AM2BZCOD, wherein M1 is selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, and combinations thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, and combinations thereof; Z is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, boron, and combinations thereof; A is an integer; B is 0 or an integer greater than 0; C is an integer; O is oxygen; and D is 0 or an integer greater than 0. The catalysts exhibit good reactivity, stability, and sulfur tolerance, as compared to conventional water shift gas catalysts. These catalysts hold promise for use in conjunction with proton exchange membrane fuel cell powered systems.

Abstract: Mono- and bimetallic transition metal carbides, nitrides and borides, and their oxygen containing analogs (e.g. oxycarbides) for use as water gas shift catalysts are described. In a preferred embodiment, the catalysts have the general formula of M1AM2BZCOD, wherein M1 is selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, and combinations thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, and combinations thereof; Z is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, boron, and combinations thereof; A is an integer; B is 0 or an integer greater than 0; C is an integer; 0 is oxygen; and D is 0 or an integer greater than 0. The catalysts exhibit good reactivity, stability, and sulfur tolerance, as compared to conventional water shift gas catalysts. These catalysts hold promise for use in conjunction with proton exchange membrane fuel cell powered systems.