Abstract: Secure access to a resource is provided by receiving a user request associated with a username for access for a resource and checking the username associated with the request against a reference username associated with the user. The reference username is linked to a second username associated with the user. If the received username matches the reference username, the request is modified by replacing the received username with the second username, and the modified request is forwarded towards the resource. A new username can be recorded upon receiving a request for the user. In response to the received request, the new username is recorded at a reference location linked to the location of the second username.

Abstract: A method for recording a password for providing access to secure resources in a computer network, including a user establishing a session via the computer network in which the user is in communication with a password authority via the session; the user identifying themselves to the password authority via the session and requesting a password via the session; the password authority sending a code to the user otherwise than via the session; the user receiving the code and providing the code to the password authority via the session; the user providing a proposed password value to the password authority via the session; the password authority receiving and checking the validity of the code provided by the user and, if the code entered is valid, recording the proposed password value entered by user; in which the code is only valid if provided via the session via which the password is requested.

Abstract: A registration server in a network implementing an API (application programming interface) authenticates services and provides discovery of network resources, prior to registering services with selected network resources. Multiple instances of services and/or multiple service nodes are registered in a single service agreement.

Abstract: Secure access is provided to a resource hosted in a first domain. A first web server provides access to the resource. A second web server is provided in a second domain for receiving requests from a user for access to the resource. A browser is arranged for authentication and authorization for access to resources in the second domain and for forwarding requests from the user to the second web server. A reverse proxy is provided for publishing, with a resource identifier identifying the second domain, the resource to the second web server. The reverse proxy is arranged to forward to the first web server for access to the resource requests received from the second browser.

Abstract: Secure access to a resource is provided by receiving a user request associated with a username for access for a resource and checking the username associated with the request against a reference username associated with the user. The reference username is linked to a second username associated with the user. If the received username matches the reference username, the request is modified by replacing the received username with the second username, and the modified request is forwarded towards the resource. A new username can be recorded upon receiving a request for the user. In response to the received request, the new username is recorded at a reference location linked to the location of the second username.

Abstract: A registration server in a network implementing an API (application programming interface) authenticates services and provides discovery of network resources, prior to registering services with selected network resources. Multiple instances of services and/or multiple service nodes are registered in a single service agreement.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the quantitative determination of 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenisne dinucleotide (NADH) in solution. The method comprises contacting the NADH-containing solution with an activated carbon electrode, maintaining the carbon electrode at a controlled, fixed potential effective to cause oxidation of NADH at the electrode surface, and measuring the current output from the carbon electrode, wherein there is used a noble metal containing preferably a platinized or palladized activated carbon electrode comprising a porous, heterogeneous, resin-bonded layer of activated carbon or graphite particles comprising the finely divided noble metal preadsorbed thereon and bonded together with a natural or synthetic resin binder, preferably a hydrophobic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: Enzyme electrodes are disclosed which are capable of responding amperometrically to the catalytic activity of the enzyme in the presence of its respective substrate and comprising the enzyme immobilized or adsorbed onto the surface of an electrically conductive support member which consists of or comprises a porous layer of resin-bonded carbon or graphite particles, said particles having intimately mixed therewith, or deposited or adsorbed onto the surface of the individual particles prior to bonding to form said layer, a finely divided platinum group metal, thereby to form a porous, substrate layer onto which said enzyme is adsorbed or immobilized and comprising a substantially heterogeneous layer of resin-bonded carbon or graphite particles, with said platinum group metal dispersed substantially uniformly throughout said layer.

Abstract: In operation of a microbial fuel cell it has been found that improved efficiency results if the microbes are kept `hungry`, i.e. the cell is run under conditions of fuel supply and load such that electrical output is dependent on fuel concentration, rather than as is conventionally the case being run under excess fuel so that power output is concentration independent.A method and apparatus are described to enable fuel cells to be run under energetic or coulombic efficiency control.