Abstract: An acoustic system having a plurality of speakers applying acoustic energy as a series of acoustic waves to various target sites on the exterior of the reactor to vibrate and deflect the interior surfaces of the reactor structure such that the slag is dislodged from the internal surfaces of the reactor structure. Each speaker generates acoustic waves having a waveform corresponding to the resonant frequency of the ash crystallized on the reactor structures. The acoustic waves induce vibrations and/or deflections in the portion of the reactor wall to which the slag is engaged as well as the slag itself breaking the interstitial bonds of the slag deposit and bonding holding the slag to the wall. The separated or disintegrated slag can then be gravimetrically fall to the bottom of the reactor for removal from the reactor.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for bonding asynchronous transfer mode permanent virtual circuits using a multi-link segmentation and reassembly sublayer. A method includes: transforming a stream of asynchronous transfer mode cells into a stream of bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells; demultiplexing the stream of bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells into a plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells; and transmitting the plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells to a remote location via a plurality of permanent virtual circuits, characterized in that the transmitted plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronized transfer mode cells can be multiplexed into a multiplexed stream of asynchronized transfer mode cells after transmission via at least two permanent virtual circuits, which compose the plurality of permanent virtual circuits, that do not have an identical bit-rate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for long subscriber loops using automatic gain control. A method includes extending a digital subscriber loop including: producing an output signal in a first direction from a variable gain amplifier at a mid-span extender unit responsive to an input signal in the first direction from the digital subscriber loop; monitoring a signal strength of said output signal in the first direction at the mid-span extender unit; generating a gain control signal responsive to the signal strength at the mid-span extender unit; controlling a gain of the variable gain amplifier at the mid-span extender unit responsive to the gain control signal; and controlling a second gain of a second variable gain amplifier at said mid-span extender unit responsive to said gain control signal to produce an output signal in a second direction from said second variable gain amplifier at said mid-span extender unit responsive to a second input signal in said second direction from said digital subscriber loop.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for bonding asynchronous transfer mode permanent virtual circuits using a multi-link segmentation and reassembly sublayer. A method includes: transforming a stream of asynchronous transfer mode cells into a stream of bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells; demultiplexing the stream of bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells into a plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells; and transmitting the plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells to a remote location via a plurality of permanent virtual circuits, characterized in that the transmitted plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronized transfer mode cells can be multiplexed into a multiplexed stream of asynchronized transfer mode cells after transmission via at least two permanent virtual circuits, which compose the plurality of permanent virtual circuits, that do not have an identical bit-rate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for the measurement of time delay, time delay variation and cell transfer rate in asynchronous transfer mode networks. A method includes generating a time-stamp information cell at a first location; transmitting the time-stamp information cell to a second location via a network link; and receiving the time-stamp information cell at the second location. An apparatus includes an asynchronous transfer mode network including a time delay information cell generator.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for multi-link segmentation and reassembly for bonging multiple virtual circuits in an inverse multiplexing arrangement. A method includes: generating a plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells at a first location; distributing the plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells across a plurality of virtual circuits; transmitting the plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells to a second location via the plurality of virtual circuits; and receiving the plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells at the second location. An apparatus includes a multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer transmitter, including: a source buffer; a multilink controller coupled to the source buffer; and a plurality of virtual circuits coupled to the multilink controller.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for multi-link segmentation and reassembly for bonging multiple virtual circuits in an inverse multiplexing arrangement. A method includes: generating a plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells at a first location; distributing the plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells across a plurality of virtual circuits; transmitting the plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells to a second location via the plurality of virtual circuits; and receiving the plurality of multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer cells at the second location. An apparatus includes a multilink segmentation and reassembly sublayer transmitter, including: a source buffer; a multilink controller coupled to the source buffer; and a plurality of virtual circuits coupled to the multilink controller.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for long subscriber loops using automatic gain control. A method includes extending a digital subscriber loop including: producing an output signal from said first variable gain amplifier responsive to an input signal from said digital subscriber loop; monitoring a signal strength of said output signal; generating a gain control signal responsive to said signal strength; and controlling a gain of said variable gain amplifier responsive to said gain control signal. An apparatus includes a digital subscriber loop extender circuit including: a variable gain amplifier having a gain and providing an output signal in response to an input signal from a signal generator over a transmission medium, said output signal having a signal strength as a function of said gain; and a controller coupled to said variable gain amplifier, said controller generating a gain control signal that is feed back to said variable gain amplifier to automatically control said gain.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for subscriber loop repeater loopback for fault isolation. A method includes obtaining a sample of a downstream signal conveyed along a signal path; performing an analysis of the sample; determining a presence or an absence of a fault in the signal path based on the analysis of the sample; indicating a presence or an absence of a fault in the signal path by transmitting a diagnostic signal to an upstream node; and isolating a location of the fault as a function of the diagnostic signal. An apparatus includes a band pass filter; a detection unit coupled to the first band pass filter; a data processor coupled to the detection unit; a health checking unit coupled to the microcontroller; a digital to analog converter coupled to the microcontroller; a low pass filter coupled to the digital to analog converter; and a summer coupled to the low pass filter.