Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the catalytic treatment of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine comprising: a. a casing having an exhaust gas inlet and a treated exhaust gas outlet; b. a heater disposed within the casing, through which exhaust gas may flow; and c. a catalyst article disposed within the casing adjacent to the heater, through which exhaust gas can flow; wherein the heater comprises an electrically resistive wire mounted on an electrically insulating frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating and collecting particulate matter derived from combusting a carbon-containing fuel in oxidizing gas includes a fuel burner housed in a container. The container has a gas inlet, a gas outlet; the gas outlet connects with a conduit for transporting the gas to atmosphere which is associated with means for forcing gas to flow from the gas inlet via the container and the conduit to atmosphere. Located within the conduit is a station for collecting particulate matter from gas flowing through the conduit. The gas flow-forcing means is controlled in response to a detected gas flow rate at the gas inlet to ensure the rate of gas flow at the gas inlet is maintained at a desired rate, thereby to promote particulate matter formation. A method for collecting particulate matter derived from combusting carbon-containing fuel employs the apparatus.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a vehicular lean-burn internal combustion engine comprises a NOx-absorbent, a reductant injector (78) disposed upstream of the NOx-absorbent and means (50), when in use, for controlling reductant addition, wherein the reductant addition control means supplies reductant to the NOx-absorbent at all vehicle speeds in a duty cycle at a rate which is predetermined to correlate with a desired NOx conversion at the average duty cycle speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a lean-burn internal combustion engine with at least one NOx-absorbent disposed on a unitary monolith substrate, an injector for injecting droplets of a liquid reductant into exhaust gas upstream of the at least one substrate and a means for controlling the injection of reductant in order to regenerate the NOx-absorbent to meet a relevant emission standard. The arrangement of the system being such that droplets of the liquid reductant contact the NOx-absorbent thereby causing localised reduction of NOx.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating and collecting particulate matter derived from combusting a carbon-containing fuel in oxidising gas comprises a fuel burner with a nozzle housed in a container. The container has a gas inlet and a gas outlet; the gas outlet connects with a conduit for transporting the gas to atmosphere which is associated with means for forcing gas to flow from the gas inlet via the container and the conduit to atmosphere. Located within the conduit is a station for collecting particulate matter from gas flowing through the conduit. The gas flow-forcing means is controlled in response to a detected gas flow rate at the gas inlet to ensure the rate of gas flow at the gas inlet is maintained at a desired rate, thereby to promote particulate matter formation. A method for collecting particulate matter derived from combusting carbon-containing fuel is also disclosed.