Abstract: A method of cleaning and maintaining potable water distribution systems which have reduced flow due to an increase of scale, tuberculation, sediment, and the like on the inside surface of the pipe is disclosed. An aqueous acidic cleaning solution is heated and circulated through the pipe to be treated for a sufficient time to dissolve and loosen the scale and sediment, and the spent solution containing dissolved or suspended scale and sediment is flushed from the pipe to provide a cleaned pipe with improved water flow. It is also desirable to flush the water distribution pipe system with high pressure water after the treatment to remove loosened scale and sediment that was not removed during the circulation and flushing of the treating solution.

Abstract: A method of cleaning and maintaining a hot water heater tank contaminated with water scale and sediment by introducing an aqueous acidic treatment solution, retaining the acidic solution for a sufficient time to dissolve or suspend said scale and sediment, and then draining the spent solution containing the dissolved or suspended scale and sediment to provide a clean hot water heater tank.

Abstract: A method for removing scale and stains from the interior surfaces of a water-containing system having a reservoir, auxiliary equipment and piping, without having to drain the water from the system. The use of inhibited mineral acid allows the water to be circulated throughout the entire system, cleaning all interior surfaces without damaging them. Once scale and stains are removed, the water is neutralized.

Abstract: A method for the removal and prevention of scale using a soap composition of a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio equivalent of an acid and a base. The acid, for example, is an organic carboxylic acid or a mineral acid. The base is an amine or ammonia. The organic acids consist of formic, acetic, propionic, citric, glycolic, lactic, tartaric, polyacrylic, succinic, sulfonic, gluconic, benzoic, salicylic, and mixtures thereof. The mineral acids consist of hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, polyphosphoric, hydrofluoric, boric, sulfuric, and sulfurous, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of cleaning and maintaining water distribution systems which have reduced flow due to an increase of water scale deposits, sediment, and the like on the inside surface of the pipe is disclosed. An aqueous acidic cleaning solution is introduced and circulated through the pipe to be treated for a sufficient time to dissolve and loosen the scale and sediment, and the spent solution containing dissolved or suspended scale and sediment is flushed from the pipe to provide a cleaned pipe with improved water flow. It is also desirable to flush the water distribution pipe system with high pressure water after the treatment to remove loosened scale and sediment that was not removed during the circulation and flushing of the treating solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a multipurpose cleaner composition which has been found to be useful in a very broad range of cleaning applications when employed in various aqueous dilutions. The cleaning compositions of this invention have found utility in cleaning applications of low demand, such as cleaning of windows, to those of high demand, such as encrusted stoves or automotive engines and the like. Because the concentrated multipurpose cleaner is readily diluted, it can be marketed in a concentrated form and diluted by the user to the desired concentration for the particular cleaning job requirements, thus reducing the amount of cleaner packaging consumed by a household.

Abstract: An automatic control system for maintaining the quality of water in a cooling tower utilizes a probe (38) which senses the oxygen reduction potential (ORP) of a soap having a 1:1 stoichiometric equivalent of an organic acid and ammonia in the water. The soap is pumped from a chemical supply means (20) containing the soap in response to the ORP of the soap in the water falling below a predetermined threshold. A second sensing probe measures the conductivity (in MHos) of the water as a factor of the total dissolved solids (TDS) to control the bleed-off or blow-down of the water. The chemicals, which are supplied for maintaining the ORP, permit significantly higher total dissolved solids in the water than with standard cooling tower systems, without the buildup of scale. As a consequence, water consumption is significantly reduced; and the system functions automatically, without requiring periodic visual inspection, water analysis or manual operation.

Abstract: An automatic control system for maintaining the quality of water in a cooling tower utilizes a probe (38) which senses the oxygen reduction potential (ORP) of a soap having a 1:1 stoichiometric equivalent of mineral acid and ammonia or amine in the water. The soap is pumped from a chemical supply means (20) containing the soap in response to the ORP of the soap in the water falling below a predetermined threshold. A second sensing probe measures the conductivity (in MHos) of the water as a factor of the total dissolved solids (TDS) to control the bleed-off or blow-down of the water. The chemicals, which are supplied for maintaining the ORP, permit significantly higher total dissolved solids in the water than with standard cooling tower systems, without the buildup of scale. As a consequence, water consumption is significantly reduced; and the system functions automatically, without requiring periodic visual inspection, water analysis or manual operation.

Abstract: A soap composition for the removal and prevention of scale in aqueous media comprising a 1:1 stoichiometric equivalent of an organic carboxylic acid and an amine base. The organic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyacetic, citric, acetic, gluconic, salicylic, tartaric and benzoic, and mixtures thereof. The amine base is selected from the group consisting of monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylamine and mixtures thereof.