Abstract: A photovoltaic device on a non-semiconductor substrate is disclosed. The device comprises two semiconductor layers forming an active region; at least one of the semiconductor layers is formed by a high-purity plasma spray process; optional layers include one or more barrier layers, a cap layer, a conductive and/or metallization layer, an anti-reflection layer, and distributed Bragg reflector. The device may comprise multiple active regions.

Abstract: An inline process for manufacturing a photovoltaic device on a removable substrate is disclosed. The process discloses two semiconductor layers forming an active region; at least one of the semiconductor layers is formed by a high-purity plasma spray process; optional layers include a release layer, one or more barrier layers, a cap layer, a conductive support layer, a mechanical support layer, an anti-reflection layer, and distributed Bragg reflector. The process may also be used to form multiple active regions.

Abstract: An inline process for manufacturing a photovoltaic device on a removable substrate is disclosed. The process discloses two semiconductor layers forming an active region; at least one of the semiconductor layers is formed by a high-purity plasma spray process; optional layers include a release layer, one or more barrier layers, a cap layer, a conductive support layer, a mechanical support layer, an anti-reflection layer, and distributed Bragg reflector. The process may also be used to form multiple active regions.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device on a non-semiconductor substrate is disclosed. The device comprises two semiconductor layers forming an active region; at least one of the semiconductor layers is formed by a high-purity plasma spray process; optional layers include one or more barrier layers, a cap layer, a conductive and/or metallization layer, an anti-reflection layer, and distributed Bragg reflector. The device may comprise multiple active regions.

Abstract: A front-surface-illuminated photovoltaic device, having a first semiconductor layer (180) with a back surface, a second semiconductor layer (130) with a front surface, the second layer (130) having the opposite doping type to the first layer (180) and deposited on the first layer (180); and at least one ohmic contact (160, 230) to each of the first (180) and second (130) semiconductor layers; and a process for making the photovoltaic device. The device may also have a barrier layer (190) for reducing diffusion of impurities from the first semiconductor layer (180) into the second semiconductor layer (130), a blocking layer (120), and a reflector layer (200). The device may have an array of first regions (115) in which the second layer (130) is of opposite doping type to that of the first layer (180) and forms p-n junctions (240) in these first regions (115), and second regions (300), each second region (300) containing the barrier layer (190) and the reflector layer (200).

Abstract: A photovoltaic device having a front and back orientation and comprising: a crystalline substrate having a resistivity greater than about 0.01 ohm-cm; and an epitaxy thin-film layer in front of said substrate, said thin-film layer contacting said substrate in at least one region to define a p-n junction.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device having a front and back orientation and comprising: a crystalline substrate having a resistivity greater than about 0.01 ohm-cm; and an epitaxy thin-film layer in front of said substrate, said thin-film layer contacting said substrate in at least one region to define a p-n junction.

Abstract: There are provided monitors which sense a magnitude of power (and/or energy) being consumed by a facility and which sense a magnitude of power (and/or energy) being produced by at least one energy-producing system. There are provided facilities comprising at least one main panel bus, at least one external power line, at least one energy-producing system, at least one critical load sub-panel bus and at least one monitor which senses a magnitude of power (and/or energy) being consumed by the facility and a magnitude of power (and/or energy) being produced by the at least one energy-producing system. There are provided methods of monitoring power (and/or energy) consumed and power (and/or energy) produced in a facility, and devices which display magnitude of power (and/or energy) being consumed and magnitude of power (and/or energy) being produced in a battery.