Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and to a device for manufacturing synthetic gas.The reactor in accordance with the invention comprises within a single housing:a non catalytic combustion chamber (1) comprising at least one fuel injection element (2) and at least one oxidizer injection element (3) so as to achieve a partial combustion in said chamber referred to as "sufficient residence time chamber", andat least one catalytic bed (4) into which the gases coming from combustion chamber (1) run, and further comprising at least one additional oxidizer injection element (6) and at least one fuel injection element (7).The reactor and the process in accordance with the invention may be applied to any chemical manufacturing utilizing synthetic gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a device for manufacturing synthesis gas.The reactor according to the invention comprises within a single housing:A non catalytic combustion chamber (1) comprising at least one device (2) for injecting a fuel and at least one device (3) for injecting an oxidizer so as to achieve a partial combustion in said chamber, andat least one catalytic bed (4) which the gases coming from combustion chamber (1) run into, and also comprising at least one device (6) for injecting an additional oxidizer.The reactor and the process according to the invention may be applied to any chemical manufacturing utilizing synthesis gas, such as the manufacturing of ammonia, urea, methanol, higher hydrocarbons, etc.

Abstract: A reactor for manufacturing synthesis gas as a single housing, equipped with a non-catalytic combustion chamber having at least one device for injecting a fuel and at least one device for injecting an oxidizer so as to achieve partial combustion in said chamber, and at least one catalytic bed from which the gases coming from the combustion chamber discharge into, said catalytic bed being equipped with at least one device for injecting an additional oxidizer. A process for operating the reactor may be applied to any chemical manufacturing utilizing synthesis gas, such as the manufacturing of ammonia, urea, methanol, higher hydrocarbons, etc.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the thermal conversion of methane into hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight, comprising a reactor (1) of elongate form, connected on the one hand, at a first end, to means (5) for supplying gaseous mixture containing methane (process gas) and on the other, at the opposite end, to discharge means (10), the said reactor comprising on a first part (the first end side) a plurality of elements disposed in at least two layers, substantially parallel inter se and substantially perpendicular to the axis of the reactor, at least one of these layers comprising a series of sheaths (4) inside which there are electric heating means (3) which thus form a layer of heating elements, the said elements being disposed in such a way as to define between them and/or between the layers which they form and/or between them and the walls of the spaces or passages for the circulation of gaseous mixtures and/or effluents, the said heating means and the said sheaths being adapted to heat the said passages

Abstract: A process for the thermal pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a reactor (1) of elongate shape comprising at a first end supply means (5) for a gaseous mixture containing at least one hydrocarbon, at the opposite end discharge means (10) for the effluents produced and between these two ends supply means (9) for effluent cooling fluid, the reactor comprising in a first part (first end side) a plurality of electric heating means (3) enclosed by casings (4) disposed in substantially mutually parallel layers perpendicular to the axis of the reactor, in such a way as to define between the casings and/or the casings and the walls (22), spaces or passages for circulation of the gaseous mixtures and/or effluents. The heating means heat the passages in successive, individual, transverse sections which are substantially perpendicular to the axis of the reactor. The reactor comprises means for introducing into the casings (4) a gas G known as a casing gas which preferably contains water vapour and/or hydrogen.

Abstract: Apparatus suitable for the thermal conversion of methane to hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight, comprising an elongated reactor 1 provided with an inlet 5 for supplying a gas mixture containing methane (process gas) and an outlet at the opposite end, the reactor over a first part towards the inlet end having a plurality of electric heaters 3 surrounded by sheaths 4. The heaters, e.g., electric resistors, which are spaced apart and are substantially parallel with respect to one another, are arranged in substantially parallel rows perpendicular to the axis of the reactor so as to permit circulation of the process gas and/or effluent between the sheaths and/or between the sheaths and walls 22 separating two consecutive rows. The heaters heat the passages by successive independent cross sections substantially perpendicular to the axis of the reaction. Towards the outlet end, the reactor further comprises an injector for supplying cooling fluid, which cools the effluent.

Abstract: A process and reactor are disclosed for the thermal cracking of a charge containing at least one hydrocarbon with at least one carbon atom, in which the charge is circulated in a metal reaction zone which includes a pyrolysis zone whose external wall is in thermal exchange relationship with a heating liquid. The reaction zone consists of an alloy containing, by weight, 66-82% nickel, 14-18% chromium, and 4-6% aluminum. This alloy, which has already been preoxidized, may be covered, at least in the reaction zone, with at least one layer formed by an oxide of at least one metal and/or at least one metal carbide and/or at least one metal nitride and/or at least one metal silicide. The invention finds application for vapor-phase cracking and dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon charges.

Abstract: An oxidation reactor having elongated shape includes in combination, a mixing member including a pipe for feeding oxidizing gas and a pipe for feeding oxidizable charge; a reaction member, arranged subjacent the mixing member, and a discharge member associated with a discharge pipe for the products of the reaction. The reaction member includes a central zone which has a first lining and the reactor includes at least one peripheral zone which has a second lining, passages in the second lining being smaller than passages in the first lining so that the pressure loss in the second lining is greater than that of the first lining. The second lining forms a sleeve surround the first lining and this sleeve is formed of at least one refractory heat insulating material. The oxidation reactor is provided with an external sleeve steel jacket, a concrete wall and a steel element surrounding the mixing member arranged above the reaction member.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for thermal conversion of methane to hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight, comprising a reactor 1 of elongated shape, connected at a first end to means 5 for supplying gas mixture containing methane (process gas), and connected at the opposite end to discharge means 10, the reactor having a plurality of electric heating means 3 surrounded by sheaths 4 over a first part (towards the first end). The heating means, which are substantially parallel, are arranged in sheets which are substantially parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the reactor, so that spaces or passages for circulation of the process gas and/or effluent are defined between the sheaths and/or between the sheaths and the walls 22 separating two consecutive sheets. The heating means are adapted to heat the passages by successive independent cross sections substantially perpendicular to the axis of the reactor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for upgrading olefinic gasolines containing C.sub.5 hydrocarbons, but free of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, by etherification. It is characterized in that the tertiary olefins of the charge are reacted (1 and 2) with methanol; the reaction effluent being then extracted (3) with water, in order to separate an aqueous phase containing the major part of the unreacted methanol from a hydrocarbon phase containing the major part of the formed ethers. The aqueous phase is then introduced in a distillation zone (4) where water is separated from methanol and recycled to the extraction zone (3), whereas methanol is recycled to the etherification zone (1 and 2).

Abstract: A method of operating a heat pump or a thermal engine with the vaporization and the condensation of a heat transfer fluid. The fluid is a chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon with 2 or 3 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, at least one chlorine atom per molecule and at most one chlorine atom per carbon atom, with the remainder consisting of fluorine, and said fluid having a critical temperature of at least 140.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an alkenyl dicarboxylic acid, anhydride comprises reacting at least one halogenated polyolefin with at least one unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride in substantially stoichiometrical proportion, in the presence of a minor proportion of at least one organic compound containing at least one double bond bearing at least one electron attracting substituent.