Abstract: A jamming suppression system which includes a plurality of receivers for receiving electromagnetic radiations and a separate notch filter coupled to each receiver for filtering selected frequencies from electromagnetic radiations received by each of the receivers. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a spatial combiner responsive to the outputs of each of the notch filters extracts essentially jam-free information from the electromagnetic radiations. In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, a plurality of spatial combiners, each responsive to the outputs of each of the notch filters, extracts essentially jam-free information from the electromagnetic radiations. The notch filters are adaptive notch filters for on-line selection of their filtering action. One of the notch filters is a master filter and the remainder of the notch filters are slave filters controlled by the master filter.

Abstract: A system and method for estimating azimuth angle, elevation angle and signal detection and which includes an antenna system having a plurality of elements, each element receiving a different concurrent portion of an incoming analog signal having a real and an imaginary portion. A converter is provided for each antenna element for converting each analog signal to digital form. A processor is provide for multiplying the sum of the real parts of the signals from a first group of the elements with the conjugate of the sum of the remainder of the elements to provided an estimated azimuth, elevation of signal detection measurement. In the case of a four element antenna, AzEst=Angle((A+B)*(C+D)Conjugate))=(x.sub.A +iy.sub.A +x.sub.B +iy.sub.B)*(x.sub.C -iy.sub.C +x.sub.D -iy.sub.D), ElEst=Angle((A+D)*(B+C)Conjugate))=(x.sub.A +iy.sub.A +x.sub.D +iy.sub.D)*(x.sub.B -iy.sub.B +x.sub.C -iy.sub.C) and Magnitude ((A+B*(C+D)Conjugate)) or Magnitude ((A+D*(B+C)Conjugate)).

Abstract: A method and system for synchronization of pulse groups without a synchronization signal which comprises selecting a plurality of equal time length coherent processing intervals from a stream of data in the time domain, generally analog data. The data in each of the coherent processing intervals is sampled during each of N equal pulse repetition intervals to provide samples of data, each sampling taking place for an equal portion of the pulse repetition interval. Each of the samples of data is identified according to the position thereof in the associated coherent processing interval. The time domain data is converted to frequency domain data on the basis of the position of the time domain data in the coherent processing interval, all of the samples with the same position in a different coherent processing interval being separately collectively converted.

Abstract: A GPS single-receiver pointing/attitude system derives pointing/attitude measurements by correlating a selected GPS code (either P or C/A), recovered from GPS navigation signals using a single GPS receiver with multiple GPS antennas (a reference antenna and at least two slave antennas for pointing or three for attitude). For a two antenna pointing application, the GPS receiver (FIG. 4) includes, for each receiver channel, the incoming GPS signals are applied to three code correlators (72-75) assigned to the reference antenna, and three code correlators (76-77) assigned to the slave antenna, which provide corresponding reference and slave I and Q correlation outputs.

Abstract: A Global Position System (GPS) receiver is disclosed which includes an RF converter and quadrature digitizer implemented in hardware and a signal processor including a computer, code generator and preprocessor. The preprocessor has a divide by 1,2,3 divider for controlling the code generator so as to provide I,Q early, prompt and late digital signals of 0.5 chip separations to the computer for tracking code phase, carrier phase/frequency and signal amplitude. This structure eliminates the need for numerically controlled oscillators implemented in hardware while maintaining accurate performance.

Abstract: A global positioning system comprises an RF receiver for receiving L.sub.1, L.sub.2 p-code or ca code modulated frequency outputs from one or more space vehicles, a multiplexer operably connected to the receiver multiplexes the L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 signals to the receiver, and code and carrier tracking loops operably connected to the receiver, each loop including a plurality of filters, one for tracking line-of-sight dynamics and another for determining ionosphere effects on the L.sub.1 and/or L.sub.2 signals.

Abstract: Polyethylene glycols of the typeHOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OHwherein n is an integer of from 0 to 5, can be converted to the corresponding dicarboxylic acids of the formulaHOOCCH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n CH.sub.2 COOHwherein n is as previously defined, by oxidation in an aqueous solution over a fixed bed catalyst consisting of platinum on a granular carbon support.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carboxylic acid by the reaction of a liquid lower alkanol with carbon monoxide at a temperature of from about 150.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. and a carbon monoxide pressure of from about 2,000 psig to about 10,000 psig in the presence of a soluble liquid phase catalyst prepared from the following ingredients: (1) MX.sub.n wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni, X is selected from the group consisting of carboxylate anions of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, halides, oxides, acetyl acetonate, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen; and n is from 1 to 5; (2) R.sub.3 P wherein R is alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms; and (3) hydrogen iodide or an iodide source such as iodine, alkyl iodides and alkali metal or alkaline earth iodides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of substantially amorphous polyolefins to provide permanently tacky, low viscosity materials which have useful pressure-sensitive adhesive properties. These permanently tacky amorphous polyolefin homo- and copolymers, as well as blends of such amorphous polyolefins with crystalline polyolefins containing up to 20 weight percent crystalline polyolefin, are novel pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of substantially amorphous polyolefins to provide permanently tacky, low viscosity materials which have useful pressure-sensitive adhesive properties. These permanently tacky amorphous polyolefin homo- and copolymers, as well as blends of such amorphous polyolefins with crystalline polyolefins containing up to 20 weight percent crystalline polyolefin, are novel pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carboxylic acid by the reaction of a liquid lower alkanol with carbon monoxide at a temperature of from about 150.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. and a carbon monoxide pressure of from about 2,000 psig to about 10,000 psig in the presence of a soluble liquid phase catalyst prepared from the following ingredients: (1) MX.sub.n wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni, X is selected from the group consisting of carboxylate anions of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, halides, oxides, acetyl acetonate, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen: and n is from 1 to 5; (2) R.sub.3 P wherein R is alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms; and (3) hydrogen iodide or an iodide source such as iodine, alkyl iodides and alkali metal or alkaline earth iodides.

Abstract: An improved spread spectrum communication system having a transmitter subsystem and a receiver subsystem is disclosed. The transmitter subsystem comprises a data source of 50 bps rate which is modulo-2 added to a C/A (clear/acquisition) code of 1,023K chips/sec in an EXCLUSIVE OR gate, phase modulated on a carrier signal at about 154 f.sub.o where f.sub.o = 10.23 MHz in a phase shift keying modulator and transmitted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 2,2-disubstituted propiolactones from isoanhydrides and formaldehyde, as shown in the following equation: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 individually may be a straight- or branched-chain alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 190.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. in the presence of the metal oxide-silica gel complex which results from heating the calcined residue of a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, Nb and Zr supported upon a silica gel in the presence of nitrogen and steam at a temperature of from about 650.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. which complex has additionally been treated by soaking in a mineral acid at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. for from about 1 to about 4 hours.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the manufacture of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acids and their anhydrides from formaldehyde, and a saturated acid anhydride containing 1 less carbon atom in the hydrocarbon moiety.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 2,2-disubstituted propiolactones from isoanhydrides and formaldehyde, as shown in the following equation: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 individually may be a straight- or branched-chain alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 190.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. in the presence of the metal oxide-silica gel complex which results from heating the calcined residue of a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, Nb and Zr supported upon a silica gel in the presence of nitrogen and steam at a temperature of from about 650.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. which complex has additionally been treated by soaking in a mineral acid at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. for from about 1 to about 4 hours.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 2,2-disubstitued propiolactones from isoanhydrides and formaldehyde, as shown in the following equation: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 individually may be a straight- or branched-chain alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 190.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. in the presence of a metal oxide-silica gel complex which results from heating the calcined residue of a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, Nb and Zr supported upon a silica gel in the presence of nitrogen and steam at a temperature of from about 650.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of aliphatic nitriles having two to six carbon atoms by the reaction of an aliphatic carboxylic acid with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst followed by effluent distillation. The improvement lies in the addition of a portion of the aliphatic carboxylic acid after the reactor but before distillation whereby ammonium carboxylate formed in the reaction and dissociated by distillation is reformed to the carboxylate thus preventing the escape of dissociated ammonia and whereby the aliphatic carboxylic acid portion is recycled to the reaction.

Abstract: A system for generating angular modulation comprising a balanced modulator and an adding circuit to which a surface wave device quadrature oscillator applies two signals at the carrier frequency differing 90.degree. in phase, such phase difference being accurately maintained independent of aging and variations in operating temperatures. More particularly, an information signal is applied to one input of the balanced modulator, the output of which is applied to the adding circuit. The surface wave device oscillator completes the system by applying an in-phase carrier frequency to a second input of the balanced modulator and a carrier frequency shifted 90.degree. in phase to a second input of the adding circuit. Angular modulation is thus produced at the output of the adding circuit.

Abstract: An SWD structure is employed in an FM receiver for signal demodulation and band limiting. An FM signal is applied to the input of an SWD patterned for bandwidth limitation. Two SWD output channels characterized by predetermined differential delays of the modulated input signal are amplitude limited and mixed to produce an audio modulation component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 2,2-disubstituted propiolactones from isoanhydrides and formaldehyde, as shown in the following equation: ##SPC1##Wherein R and R.sup.1 individually may be a straight- or branched-chain alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 190.degree.C. to about 400.degree.C. in the presence of a metal oxide-silica gel complex which results from heating the calcined residue of a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, Nb and Zr supported upon a silica gel in the presence of nitrogen and steam at a temperature of from about 650.degree.C. to about 1000.degree.C.