Abstract: Described herein is a method of preparing a fluoropolymer composite comprising the steps of activating the fluoropolymer substrate and thereafter applying a layer of a different polymer to the activated fluoropolymer substrate. The activation step can be described as a mixed gas plasma discharge or an electrically formed plasma. Also described herein are other methods of surface activation including exposure to excimer laser, gamma rays, x-ray flux, electron beam, sodium naphthalate bath, coupling or curing agents, and others. In particular, described is a fuel pipe comprised of an inner fluorocarbon layer having electrostatic discharge resistance and hydrocarbon evaporative emission resistance chemically bonded to an outer layer of a cross-linked polyethylene polymer. There is no need for additional adhesives. Fluoropolymer layers have excellent chemical resistance.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of preparing a fluoropolymer composite comprising the steps of exposing a formed fluoropolymer substrate to a flame, then activating the fluoropolymer substrate by subjecting the substrate to a charged gaseous atmosphere formed by electrically ionizing a gas which contacts the substrate and thereafter applying a layer of a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer to the activated fluoropolymer substrate. The ionizing step can be described as a mixed gas plasma discharge or an electrically formed plasma. Also described herein are other methods of surface activation including exposure to excimer laser, gamma rays, x-ray flux, electron beam, sodium naphthalate bath, and others. In particular, described is a fuel pipe comprised of an inner fluorocarbon layer having electrostatic discharge resistance and hydrocarbon evaporative emission resistance chemically bonded to an outer layer of a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer. There is no need for additional adhesives.

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp power ballast or power supply having simplified power factor correction, simplified automatic short circuit/overload protection and output open circuit voltage regulation. The gas discharge power ballast or power supply includes self-oscillating converter circuitry to which simplified power factor correction is provided via simple passive circuitry that includes a split winding from the power transformer in conjunction with an input storage capacitor and a current limiting resistor. The short circuit/overload protection is implemented, without elaborate current sensing circuitry, by utilizing the drive winding of the power transformer. In a shorted or overloaded state, a capacitor interacting with oscillator circuitry, controls oscillator cycling to reduce current flow and protect the circuitry against the overload at the output. Output open circuit voltage regulation and power regulation are also implemented in a simplified manner without the need for significant additional circuitry.

Abstract: In a forward converter power supply comprising a transformer having a primary winding connected to a primary circuit and a secondary winding connected to a secondary circuit, and a switching transistor in the primary circuit, an active network snubber in the primary circuit for receiving and storing continuing current from the transformer primary winding upon switching of the transistor and for returning current through the transformer primary winding so as to resent the transformer and thereby returning parasitic energy in the transformer caused by leakage inductance and magnetizing current to the energy source.