Abstract: A sensor for detecting and measuring analyte includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a porous support positioned in between and in contact with the working electrode and the counter electrode. At least one of the working electrode and the counter electrode is perforated. Aprotic ionic liquid fills the pores and is adsorbed on the surface of the porous support. The sensor also includes an electrical power source that provides a controlled voltage difference between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and an ammeter that measures the current flowing from the working electrode to the counter electrode.

Abstract: Oxygen-consuming zero gap chlor-alkali cell was configured to minimize peroxide formation. The cell included an ion-exchange membrane that divided the cell into an anode chamber including an anode and a cathode chamber including an oxygen gas diffusion cathode. The cathode included a single-piece of electrically conducting graphitized carbon cloth. Catalyst and polytetrafluoroethylene were attached to only one side of the cloth. When the cathode was positioned against the cation exchange membrane with the catalyst side away from the membrane, electrolysis of sodium chloride to chlorine and caustic (sodium hydroxide) proceeded with minimal peroxide formation.