Abstract: A method of producing a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type, including the steps of: a) preparing an acidic solution by dissolving copper and zinc salts in water in desired molar ratio, b) preparing a basic solution by dissolving an alkali metal stannate together with an alkali metal carbonate or an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or an alkali metal hydroxide or a combination thereof, and optionally with an alkali metal selenate or an alkali metal selenite or a mixture thereof, c) carrying out a precipitation reaction by mixing the acidic and the basic solution, d) drying the precipitate thereby providing a precursor for the kesterite material, and e) sulfurizing the precursor of step d to provide the kesterite material. Also, a precursor for a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type.

Abstract: A method of producing a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type, including the steps of: a) preparing an acidic solution by dissolving copper and zinc salts in water in desired molar ratio, b) preparing a basic solution by dissolving an alkali metal stannate together with an alkali metal carbonate or an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or an alkali metal hydroxide or a combination thereof, and optionally with an alkali metal selenate or an alkali metal selenite or a mixture thereof, c) carrying out a precipitation reaction by mixing the acidic and the basic solution, d) drying the precipitate thereby providing a precursor for the kesterite material, and e) sulfurizing the precursor of step d to provide the kesterite material. Also, a precursor for a kesterite material of CZTS, CZTSe or CZTSSe type.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic removal of hydrogen cyanide, formic acid and formic acid derivatives from synthesis gas comprising these compounds, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the process comprising contacting the synthesis gas with a catalyst comprising one or more metals selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, palladium, platinum and their mixtures and supported on a carrier comprising at least one of the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, zinc, chromium and molybdenum.

Abstract: Process for converting oxygenate compounds to hydrocarbons comprising the steps: (a) introducing a feed stream of synthesis gas to a synthesis section for the production of easily convertible oxygenates, (b) passing the effluent stream from said synthesis section containing easily convertible oxygenates to a gasoline synthesis section, (c) passing the effluent of said gasoline synthesis section to a separator and withdrawing from said separator hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, (d) admixing a recycle stream from the separator containing unconverted synthesis gas volatile hydrocarbons with the feed stream of synthesis gas of step (a), (e) introducing a feed containing difficulty convertible oxygenates to the synthesis section of step (a).

Abstract: A process for the catalytic removal of hydrogen cyanide, formic acid and formic acid derivatives from synthesis gas comprising these compounds, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the process comprising contacting the synthesis gas with a catalyst comprising one or more metals selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, palladium, platinum and their mixtures and supported on a carrier comprising at least one of the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, titanium, zirconium, aluminium, zinc, chromium and molybdenum.

Abstract: Process for converting oxygenate compounds to hydrocarbons comprising the steps: (a) introducing a feed stream of synthesis gas to a synthesis section for the production of easily convertible oxygenates, (b) passing the effluent stream from said synthesis section containing easily convertible oxygenates to a gasoline synthesis section, (c) passing the effluent of said gasoline synthesis section to a separator and withdrawing from said separator hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, (d) admixing a recycle stream from the separator containing unconverted synthesis gas volatile hydrocarbons with the feed stream of synthesis gas of step (a), (e) introducing a feed containing difficulty convertible oxygenates to the synthesis section of step (a).