Abstract: Method of operating a compression ignition engine on ether containing fuel obtained by on board conversion of an alcohol containing primary fuel and a system for use in the method. The ether containing fuel is prepared by dehydration of liquid alcohol containing fuel in present of a dehydration catalyst arranged in a radial flow reactor within a fuel accumulation chamber in a common rail.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixing device for mixing a first gas with a second gas by means of a plurality of sets of injection and mixing ducts, wherein at least one of the gases is corrosive to the mixing device and the mixing device is thus constructed in corrosion resistant ceramic material.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for purification of an exhaust gas comprising nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters from an internal combustion engine comprising the step of contacting the exhaust gas with one or more catalysts on one or more cross corrugated wire mesh sheets (5) being arranged between two or more gas impermeable cross corrugated sheets (4). The exhaust gas is contacted with one or more catalysts being coated in different zones on the one or more cross corrugated wire mesh sheets (5). Particulate matters in the exhaust gas are retained in a zone of the gas impermeable sheets (4), where the zone is porous and optionally coated with an oxidation catalyst. The exhaust gas from the combustion engine can be heated by the purified exhaust gas. The invention further comprises an apparatus for the purification process of an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Flow deflector that is capable of changing the flow direction of a fluid during passage through a duct. The duct is formed by an inner and outer duct, which creates an annular region in the duct. The flow deflector forces the fluid passing through the annular region of the duct to flow inside the inner duct, while the fluid passing through the inner duct is forced to flow through the annular region. Reactor tubes for catalytic reactors are formed by assembling tubes comprising said flow deflector and having a catalyst arranged in the inner tube.

Abstract: Method of operating a compression ignition engine on ether containing fuel obtained by on board conversion of an alcohol containing primary fuel and a system for use in the method.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for purification of an exhaust gas comprising nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters from an internal combustion engine comprising the step of contacting the exhaust gas with one or more catalysts on one or more cross corrugated wire mesh sheets (5) being arranged between two or more gas impermeable cross corrugated sheets (4). The exhaust gas is contacted with one or more catalysts being coated in different zones on the one or more cross corrugated wire mesh sheets (5). Particulate matters in the exhaust gas are retained in a zone of the gas impermeable sheets (4), where the zone is porous and optionally coated with an oxidation catalyst. The exhaust gas from the combustion engine can be heated by the purified exhaust gas. The invention further comprises an apparatus for the purification process of an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for purification of a carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, incompletely combusted hydrocarbons and soot containing exhaust gas from a combustion engine comprising the steps of catalytically oxidizing the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas, retaining soot and remaining amounts of hydrocarbons in the oxidised exhaust gas in a filter, addition of a reducing agent to gas and catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides, and obtaining a purified exhaust gas.

Abstract: Flow deflector that is capable of changing the flow direction of a fluid during passage through a duct. The duct is formed by an inner and outer duct, which creates an annular region in the duct. The flow deflector forces the fluid passing through the annular region of the duct to flow inside the inner duct, while the fluid passing through the inner duct is forced to flow through the annular region. Reactor tubes for catalytic reactors are formed by assembling tubes comprising said flow deflector and having a catalyst arranged in the inner tube.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for purification of a carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, incompletely combusted hydrocarbons and soot containing exhaust gas from a combustion engine comprising the steps of catalytically oxidising the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas, retaining soot and remaining amounts of hydrocarbons in the oxidised exhaust gas in a filter, addition of a reducing agent to gas and catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides, and obtaining a purified exhaust gas.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a solid oxide fuel cell comprising chemically etching a metallic sheet covered with a photoresist and obtaining controlled patterns of cavities on one side of the metallic sheet and perforations on the other side of the metallic sheet and depositing electrochemically active segments on the perforated side of the metallic sheet. The invention includes also a solid oxide fuel cell prepared by the above process.

Abstract: A compression assembly for distributing an external compression force to a solid oxide fuel cell stack, the compression assembly comprising a force distributing plate, and a force distributing layer so that when said compression assembly is mounted together with the solid oxide fuel cell stack, the external compression force is exerted on the force distributing plate and the force distributing layer is provided next to a surface of at least one end plate, opposite to the surface facing the solid oxide fuel cells. The force distributing layer has a rigid frame extending next to a region of a sealing area of the solid oxide fuel cell stack.

Abstract: Compression assembly for distributing an external compression force to a solid oxide fuel cell stack, the external compression force being exerted on both ends of the solid oxide fuel cell stack, the solid oxide fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells in electrical series, each end of the solid oxide fuel cell stack being placed adjacent to an end plate surface, wherein the surface of at least one of the end plates opposite to the surface facing the solid oxide fuel cells, is provided with a force distributing layer comprising a rigid frame extending above the region of the sealing area of the solid oxide fuel cell stack and one or more resilient elements placed inside the space enclosed by the frame and positioned above the electrochemically active area of the solid oxide fuel cell stack, and placed on the force distributing layer a force transmitting plate on which the external compression force is exerted. A process for compressing a solid oxide fuel cell stack is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparation of a metallic sleeve surrounding a core comprising the steps of rolling a metallic strip and helically welding the strip forming the sleeve, inserting the core in the sleeve, encompassing the sleeve with a plurality of movable segments and exposing the sleeve to pressure force by pressing the segments against outer surface of the sleeve until a preset dimension of the sleeve is obtained. The method is particularly useful when the core is a monolith encompassed by an intumescent mat, especially when the monolith is a catalysed filter and the mat is made from a fibrous material preferably containing vermiculite. The filter can be installed in a pipe with exhaust from a diesel engine.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a solid oxide fuel cell comprising chemically etching a metallic sheet covered with a photoresist and obtaining controlled patterns of cavities on one side of the metallic sheet and perforations on the other side of the metallic sheet and depositing electrochemically active segments on the perforated side of the metallic sheet. The invention includes also a solid oxide fuel cell prepared by the above process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for steam reforming of hydrocarbons. Heat from a product stream of reformed gas is utilized to supply heat required for endothermic reforming of a process gas of hydrocarbons and steam by indirect heat exchange between the product stream and process gas. The temperature of metallic materials of gas heated reactors used in the reforming is controlled so as to avoid metal dusting on tube walls of the gas heated reactors.