Abstract: A natural result of the different quantities of inputs and outputs in computational elements such as logic gates is a triangular shape when embedded in a material. The duplication of this shape while reducing empty space produces a curved structure, which taken to its ultimate expression is spherical. The inputs of the gates create a surface which is larger than the surface created by the outputs. In its spherical expression the input surface is the outside surface of the sphere, while the output is an inside surface of this sphere. Computation occurs as entropy transport from the outside surface, through layers, to an inside surface. Current digital logic designs are often composed of two-input, one output designs. Several logic functions including NAND, NOR, AND, OR, XNOR, XOR are characterized by multiple inputs and one output. Other types of computational functions such as those of neurons and artificial neurons also may take multiple inputs and fewer or singular outputs.

Abstract: A design is disclosed for a stop signal light emitter and receiver which together enable simple automatic stopping control within designated spaces for moving entities like vehicles, robots or drones, while the transmitted signal remains clearly visible to animals or people. The motivation is to provide a minimum design and standardized spatial signal for safe operation of vehicles and machines and movement of animals and people where a stop signal is linked to a local spatial area. The local spatial area of the signal emitter is linked via transmission from an emitter which is part of a signaling device (where the signaling device is a traffic light or brake light for example), to a receiver where there signal is detected by optical and or photoelectric circuitry.

Abstract: A design is disclosed for a stop signal light emitter and receiver which together enable simple automatic stopping control within designated spaces for moving entities like vehicles, robots or drones, while the transmitted signal remains clearly visible to animals or people. The motivation is to provide a minimum design and standardized spatial signal for safe operation of vehicles and machines and movement of animals and people where a stop signal is linked to a local spatial area. The local spatial area of the signal emitter is linked via transmission from an emitter which is part of a signaling device (where the signaling device is a traffic light or brake light for example), to a receiver where there signal is detected by optical and or photoelectric circuitry.

Abstract: Apparatus for making lithographic plates directly from a copy original which comprises, an enclosure which houses a copyboard, an optical train and a carriage. The carriage moves in a horizontal path beneath a platen carrying a sheet of electrophotographic material. The carriage has a corona device, a slit, a toner device including a bias plate and means for withdrawing excess toner.The copyboard is loaded in a horizontal position, is moved to a vertical position where a light scanning assembly moves over its face in synchronism with movement of the carriage. The pattern on the copyboard is projected horizontally into a pit or optical chamber where it is deviated upward to cooperate with the slit.The platen is a cover of the apparatus, can be opened after imaging and toning, the toned electrophotographic member then being removed for further processing.