Abstract: In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, the disclosure, in one aspect, relates to compounds that increase the amount of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in a subject. By raising the amount of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in a subject, diseases associated with reduced levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can be treated or prevented. In one aspect, raising the amount of NAD+ in a subject can reduce or ameliorate one or more symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis, AIDS-induced dementia, or epilepsy.

Abstract: A signal assembly has a handle that a person can move up and down, causing one or more reflective surfaces to be shown and hidden (“flash”) to alert a bus driver of a passenger's presence at a bus stop. The signal assembly may, for example, mount on a bus stop sign or a bus stop shelter. The flashing reflective surface may receive an oncoming bus' headlights and reflect the light to alert the driver. When the handle is not moved up and down, a reflective surface of the signal assembly may still be visible to the bus driver, alerting the bus driver of the presence of the stop. A driver who is not familiar with the route may find this useful, especially when a passenger indicates a request for the bus to stop at the next stop.

Abstract: A computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code to collect information for a system or processor having a transition between an idle state and a non-idle state to form collected system or processor information. The collected system or processor information is provided for analysis by an application.

Abstract: Systems, methods and media for detecting outbound Nagling on a TCP network connection are disclosed. Embodiments may include creating by a sender computer one or more segments to be transmitted to a receiver computer and determining by the sender computer whether any of the one or more segments to be transmitted are small segments and determining whether a previously transmitted small segment is unacknowledged by the receiver computer. If the previously transmitted small segment is unacknowledged by the receiver computer and at least one of the segments to be transmitted is a small segment, embodiments may also include detecting by the sender computer a Nagling condition on the network connection. Further embodiments may include modifying a Nagle algorithm configuration of the network connection in response to the detected Nagling condition by turning off the Nagle algorithm or reducing a delayed acknowledgement timer for the network connection.

Abstract: Systems, methods and media for detecting Nagling on a TCP network connection are disclosed. Embodiments may generally include a system with a Nagle detection threshold determiner for determining a Nagle detection threshold based on the network connection. The system may also generally include a Nagle detection module in communication with the Nagle detection threshold determiner for observing a small segment at a second time following an acknowledgement indicative of a Nagling condition at a first time, wherein the Nagle detection module also may detect a Nagling condition if the difference between the second time and the first time is less than or equal to the Nagle detection threshold. The system may be a receiver computer or a network computer. The system may also generate and transmit a notification of the Nagling condition, increment a Nagle monitor counter, or save an indication of the Nagling condition in a log.