Abstract: A method of operating a biological interface is disclosed. The method may include obtaining an input physiological or neural signal from a subject, acquiring an input set of values from the input signal, obtaining a predictive signal from the subject or the environment, acquiring a predictive set of values from the predictive signal, training a decoder function in response to data from the predictive set of values, performing at least one calculation on the input set of values using the decoder function to produce an output set of values, and operating a device with the output set of values. A biological interface system is also disclosed. The biological interface system may contain an input signal sensor, an input signal processor, a predictive signal processor, a memory device storing data, and a system processor coupled to the memory device and configured to execute a decoder function.

Abstract: The material stack of the present disclosure can be used for fabricating optical waveguides that are thin and flexible, and that can bend light around small turns. The stack of materials can include a polymer core and a cladding, which together can create a large difference in refractive index. As a result, light can remain within the core even when bent around radii where standard glass fibers could fail.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein include an external base station with a tethered transceiver, an implanted hub that includes power, telemetry, and processing electronics, and a plurality of implanted satellite that contain reconfigurable front-end electronics for interfacing with electrodes. The system can operate in different modes. In a first mode, called a base boost mode, the external base station is used for closed-loop control of stimulation therapies. In a second, autonomous mode, closed-loop control is performed in the hub without direct influence from the base station. In a third mode, streams of neural data are transmitted to an offline processor for offline analysis.

Abstract: An electrode array includes a body portion, at least one tail portion, at least one tissue surface contact, and at least one intratissue contact. The electrode array can provide stimulation or record signals from both the surface of a target tissue and within the target tissue. A system for tissue surface and intratissue signal recording and/or stimulation contains an electrode array, a controller or receiver, and at least one connection between the electrode array and the controller or receiver. A method of recording signals and/or stimulating tissue includes contacting the target tissue surface and target tissue interior with an electrode array and providing or recording an electrical, chemical, or optical signal.

Abstract: A lead assembly for networked implants may contain a controller, an implantable tissue contact system connected to the controller and including a plurality of leads, and a breakout connector connected to each of the plurality of leads, and further connected to a shared communication path. A physiological interface system may contain a controller and an implantable tissue contact system. Methods of treating a subject and monitoring a subject include transmitting signals between a controller and an implantable tissue contact system.

Abstract: A system for providing biphasic stimulation is disclosed. The system includes an electrode, an antenna coupled to a transmitter, a capacitor, a power supply, a backscatter load selectively coupled to the antenna via a switching device, a plurality of switches, and a controller configured to control the switching device to output, by the antenna, an acknowledgement signal to the transmitter responsive to receiving the power. The controller is further configured to control the plurality of switches to electrically couple a first plate of the capacitor to the electrode to provide a first nerve stimulation signal having a first polarity, and electrically couple a second plate of the capacitor to the electrode to provide a second nerve stimulation signal having a second polarity opposite the first polarity. The system further includes a housing encapsulating the antenna, the capacitor, the power supply, the backscatter load, the switches, and the controller.

Abstract: A multi-layered electronic device including two or more stacked metal conducting layers, a dielectric layer disposed between metal conducting layers, and at least one electrical connection extending between contact pads of metal conducting layers and through a through hole of the dielectric layer is provided. A system including at least one multi-layered electronic device, a satellite coupled to at least one multi-layered electronic device, and a controller hub electrically connected to the multi-layered electronic device via the satellite is also provided. A method of manufacturing the multi-layered electronic device including forming first and second first metal conducting layers, depositing a dielectric layer adjacent to the metal conducting layers, and connecting the metal conducting layers is also provided.

Abstract: A system of two or more implantable medical devices is configured to establish an intra-body wireless communication link between the two or more implantable medical devices while the two or more implantable medical devices are implanted in a body of a patient, and to coordinate therapy for the patient through the communication link between the two or more implantable medical devices.

Abstract: According to various aspects, a sensor system is provided comprising a first substrate configured to be coupled to a user, an electric field detector to detect a user electric field and comprising a second substrate, a proof mass positioned above the second substrate, one or more electrodes coupled to the second substrate, and a control circuit coupled to the one or more electrodes, the control circuit being configured to determine a change in capacitance between the proof mass and each electrode responsive to torsional movement of the proof mass responsive to the electric field, and a controller coupled to the first substrate and being configured to receive, from the detector, information indicative of each change in capacitance between the proof mass and each electrode, and determine, based on the information, characteristics of the electric field in at least two dimensions.

Abstract: The systems and methods described herein include an external base station with a tethered transceiver, an implanted hub that includes power, telemetry, and processing electronics, and a plurality of implanted satellite that contain reconfigurable front-end electronics for interfacing with electrodes. The system can operate in different modes. In a first mode, called a base boost mode, the external base station is used for closed-loop control of stimulation therapies. In a second, autonomous mode, closed-loop control is performed in the hub without direct influence from the base station. In a third mode, streams of neural data are transmitted to an offline processor for offline analysis.

Abstract: A method of operating a biological interface is disclosed. The method may include obtaining an input physiological or neural signal from a subject, acquiring an input set of values from the input signal, obtaining a predictive signal from the subject or the environment, acquiring a predictive set of values from the predictive signal, training a decoder function in response to data from the predictive set of values, performing at least one calculation on the input set of values using the decoder function to produce an output set of values, and operating a device with the output set of values. A biological interface system is also disclosed. The biological interface system may contain an input signal sensor, an input signal processor, a predictive signal processor, a memory device storing data, and a system processor coupled to the memory device and configured to execute a decoder function.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes systems and methods for improving the safety of bio-implantable electronics systems used for recording and electrical stimulation applications. The present disclosure discusses a communication protocol that provides DC balanced, bi-directional communication between a controller hub and satellite electrical stimulation and recording devices distributed throughout the patient's body. The present disclosure also describes a system for detecting and preventing current leaks along electrical pathways that may pass into a patient.

Abstract: A system for providing biphasic stimulation is disclosed. The system includes an electrode, an antenna coupled to a transmitter, a capacitor, a power supply, a backscatter load selectively coupled to the antenna via a switching device, a plurality of switches, and a controller configured to control the switching device to output, by the antenna, an acknowledgement signal to the transmitter responsive to receiving the power. The controller is further configured to control the plurality of switches to electrically couple a first plate of the capacitor to the electrode to provide a first nerve stimulation signal having a first polarity, and electrically couple a second plate of the capacitor to the electrode to provide a second nerve stimulation signal having a second polarity opposite the first polarity. The system further includes a housing encapsulating the antenna, the capacitor, the power supply, the backscatter load, the switches, and the controller.

Abstract: A system of two or more implantable medical devices is configured to establish a wireless link between the two or more implantable medical devices and a device external to a body of a patient while the two or more implantable medical devices are implanted in the body of the patient.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein for recording electrical signals in the presence of artifacts. The system and methods can employ multiple techniques for attenuating large, unwanted artifacts while preserving lower amplitude desirable signals. Aspects that can improve the recording of electrical signals in the presence of larger artifacts include particular electrode placement and spacing, high dynamic range amplification with good linearity, and signal blanking. Combinations of more or fewer techniques can be employed to achieve the desired attenuation of signal artifacts while preserving the desired signal. The systems and methods are suitable for recording neural signals in the presence of electrical stimulation signals.

Abstract: A multi-layered electronic device including two or more stacked metal conducting layers, a dielectric layer disposed between metal conducting layers, and at least one electrical connection extending between contact pads of metal conducting layers and through a through hole of the dielectric layer is provided. A system including at least one multi-layered electronic device, a satellite coupled to at least one multi-layered electronic device, and a controller hub electrically connected to the multi-layered electronic device via the satellite is also provided. A method of manufacturing the multi-layered electronic device including forming first and second first metal conducting layers, depositing a dielectric layer adjacent to the metal conducting layers, and connecting the metal conducting layers is also provided.

Abstract: An electrode array includes a body portion, at least one tail portion, at least one tissue surface contact, and at least one intratissue contact. The electrode array can provide stimulation or record signals from both the surface of a target tissue and within the target tissue. A system for tissue surface and intratissue signal recording and/or stimulation contains an electrode array, a controller or receiver, and at least one connection between the electrode array and the controller or receiver. A method of recording signals and/or stimulating tissue includes contacting the target tissue surface and target tissue interior with an electrode array and providing or recording an electrical, chemical, or optical signal.

Abstract: A lead assembly for networked implants may contain a controller, an implantable tissue contact system connected to the controller and including a plurality of leads, and a breakout connector connected to each of the plurality of leads, and further connected to a shared communication path. A physiological interface system may contain a controller and an implantable tissue contact system. Methods of treating a subject and monitoring a subject include transmitting signals between a controller and an implantable tissue contact system.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a device that can include a first compliant optrode. The first compliant optrode can include a stack of flexible waveguide materials providing a first optical interface and configured to be introduced into a tissue sample. The stack of flexible waveguide materials can have a thickness of less than about 100 microns. The first compliant optrode can be substantially linear and can be configured to bend at a turn radius of less than about 300 microns.

Abstract: The material stack of the present disclosure can be used for fabricating optical waveguides that are thin and flexible, and that can bend light around small turns. The stack of materials can include a polymer core and a cladding, which together can create a large difference in refractive index. As a result, light can remain within the core even when bent around radii where standard glass fibers could fail.