Abstract: Wavefront sensors are provided herein. An aperture mask is configured to receive incident light the wavefront of which is to be measured and comprising irregularly spaced apertures that respectively transmit sub-beams of the incident light. A diffuser is configured to receive the sub-beams transmitted by irregularly spaced apertures of the aperture mask. A camera, having a focal plane in which the diffuser substantially is located, is configured to obtain a digital image of the diffuser and thus to obtain a digital image of the incident light the sub-beams of which the aperture mask transmits onto the diffuser. A controller is configured to electronically receive the digital image of the diffuser and to measure the wavefront of the incident light based on the digital image. Methods also are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, an apparatus and a computer program code for design and visualization of a physical object. The method, the computer program code and the apparatus present a consumer friendly approach for modelling a physical object that can be manufactured without requiring skills to use and knowledge of CAD tools and designer programs or understanding principles of 3D modelling and picture data rendering, for example, that would be beyond knowledge and skills of an average consumer or reachable for the average consumer.

Abstract: A sequential planetary stack transmission system is provided. The system includes a stack of planetary gear sets, each gear set including a sun gear engageable with a rotatable central shaft, and freely rotatable concentrically about the central input or output shaft when not engaged with the central shaft. A plurality of planet gears engage with the sun gear, and a ring gear engages with the planet gears. The ring gears form a ring gear barrel rotatable as a unit concentrically with respect to the central shaft. A shifting assembly within the hollow central shaft engages sequentially with the sun gears to provide a desired gear ratio. The planetary stack assembly and the shifting assembly are disposed within a case. The system is suitable for a variety of applications, and is particularly suitable for bicycles.

Abstract: A sequential planetary stack transmission system is provided. The system includes a stack of planetary gear sets, each gear set including a sun gear engageable with a rotatable central shaft, and freely rotatable concentrically about the central input or output shaft when not engaged with the central shaft. A plurality of planet gears engage with the sun gear, and a ring gear engages with the planet gears. The ring gears form a ring gear barrel rotatable as a unit concentrically with respect to the central shaft. A shifting assembly within the hollow central shaft engages sequentially with the sun gears to provide a desired gear ratio. The planetary stack assembly and the shifting assembly are disposed within a case. The system is suitable for a variety of applications, and is particularly suitable for bicycles.

Abstract: A delivery device for delivering a plurality of individual surgical fasteners. The delivery device includes a drive mechanism having distal and proximal ends. The drive mechanism has a moving member and a fixed opposing member, wherein the moving member is moveable proximally and distally with respect to the delivery device. The moving member has a sharpened distal end for piercing tissue. The device includes at least one surgical fastener located between the first and the second members. Each of the at least one surgical fasteners has a proximal end and a distal end. The device also has an actuator having at least two sequential positions. A first position for moving the moving member distally and piercing tissue, and a second position for moving the moving member proximally, thereby deploying the distal end of the fastener.

Abstract: A diagnostic device (10) for pathologies of tubular anatomical structures comprises a tubular elongated structure (12, 28) developing between a proximal end and a distal end and is suitable to be inserted in the tubular anatomical structure, means (22, 32) for locally dilating the walls of the tubular anatomical structure that are associated with the distal end of said elongated structure, said means for locally dilating being movable between a closed position for introducing the device and at least one open position for viewing and evaluating the pathology, and control means being associated with the proximal end of the elongated structure, said control means being operatively connected to said means for locally dilating, in order to move them between the closed position and the open position, and vice versa.

Abstract: An intubation device is provided for use with a guide apparatus having a track that is adapted to be associated with an endoscope such that bending of the track is substantially decoupled from bending of the endoscope. The intubation device includes an elongated, flexible tube defining a channel therethrough and having a plurality of spaced-apart apertures disposed on the distal portion, wherein the apertures are in fluid communication with the channel. The intubation device further includes a mating member attached to the tube and adapted to slidingly engage the track external of the endoscope.

Abstract: An intubation device is provided for use with a guide apparatus having a track that is adapted to be associated with an endoscope such that bending of the track is substantially decoupled from bending of the endoscope. The intubation device includes an elongated, flexible tube and a mating member attached to the tube and adapted to slidingly engage the track external of the endoscope. The intubation device further includes a tissue bolster disposed on the proximal portion of the tube and changeable between a collapsed and an expanded configuration. The tube is positionable inside the upper gastrointestinal tract of a patient such that the proximal end of the tube is externalized through the gastric and abdominal walls of the patient, and wherein the tissue bolster is securable against the inner gastric wall when the tissue bolster is in the expanded configuration.

Abstract: An intubation system is provided for use with an endoscope. The intubation system includes a guide apparatus having a track that is adapted to be associated with the endoscope such that bending of the track is substantially decoupled from bending of the endoscope. The intubation system also includes a positioning device having a first coupling member on the distal end and an intubation device having a second coupling member on the proximal end. The intubation device and the positioning device each include a mating member that is adapted to slidingly engage the track external of the endoscope, whereby the first and second coupling members may be releasably attached together.

Abstract: A diagnostic device (10) for pathologies of tubular anatomical structures comprises a tubular elongated structure (12, 28) developing between a proximal end and a distal end and is adapted to be inserted in the tubular anatomical structure, means (22) for locally dilating the walls of the tubular anatomical structure being associated with the distal end of said elongated structure, said means for locally dilating being movable between a closed position for introducing the device and at least one open position for viewing and evaluating the pathology, and control means being associated with the proximal end of the elongated structure, said control means being operatively connected to said means for locally dilating, in order to move them between the closed position and the open position, and vice versa.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided which may be used for suturing, including performing a totally transoral surgical procedure, such as a posterior gastropexy procedure. A suture lock and cut assembly is provided to lock and cut one or more sutures in one motion, which motion can be a non-curved, non rotational linear motion. The suture lock and cut assembly with one or more sutures threaded therethrough may be pushed through, for example, a patient's esophagus and into the stomach by the tip of an endoscope, or alternatively, sized to be fed through the working channel of the endoscope.

Abstract: A fiberoptic cable coil tray and coil carrier package comprises a carrier to which the fiberoptic coil is attached and which is inserted into the tray, and a lid for the tray. A plurality of fiberoptic coil retainers in the form of notches or clips are formed on the coil carrier to provide a stable, self-contained and restrained fiberoptic coil which remains properly seated in the package during handling and storage. The coil carrier provides increased ease of handling of the fiberoptic coil by restraining individual fiberoptic coils with the plurality of coil retainers which are positioned along the length of the fiberoptic cable, such that a selected length of the fiberoptic cable can be removed from the carrier without the remaining coils springing out therefrom. The carrier also secures each end of the fiberoptic cable, such that either end can be removed separately while the remainder of the fiberoptic coils remain secured to the carrier.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided a surgical fastening instrument. The instrument includes a handle and a shaft extending from the handle. The shaft contains a plurality of surgical fasteners therein. The instrument also has a mechanism for first distally deploying a penetrating member from the distal end of the shaft and thereafter feeding at least one of the surgical fasteners distally from the penetrating member. The instrument further includes a lockout mechanism for preventing the penetrating member from deploying from the shaft upon feeding all of the plurality of surgical fasteners from the shaft.

Abstract: A delivery device for delivering a plurality of individual surgical fasteners is disclosed. The delivery device has a drive mechanism having a distal and a proximal end, and a first and a second opposing member. The members are moveable proximally and distally with respect to the delivery device, and individually with respect to each other. The device further includes at least one surgical fastener located between the first and the second members. Each of the at least one surgical fasteners has a proximal end and a distal end. The surgical fasteners are preferably made from a superelastic nickel titanium alloy. Additionally an actuator having at least three sequential positions is included. The first position of the actuator is for moving the drive mechanism distally. The second position is for moving the first member proximally to partially deploy the distal end of the fastener. The third position of the actuator is for moving the second member proximally, to fully deploy the distal end of the fastener.

Abstract: A fiberoptic cable coil tray and coil carrier package comprises a carrier to which the fiberoptic coil is attached and which is inserted into the tray, and a lid for the tray. A plurality of fiberoptic coil retainers in the form of notches or clips are formed on the coil carrier to provide a stable, self-contained and restrained fiberoptic coil which remains properly seated in the package during handling and storage. The coil carrier provides increased ease of handling of the fiberoptic coil by restraining individual fiberoptic coils with the plurality of coil retainers which are positioned along the length of the fiberoptic cable, such that a selected length of the fiberoptic cable can be removed from the carrier without the remaining coils springing out therefrom. The carrier also secures each end of the fiberoptic cable, such that either end can be removed separately while the remainder of the fiberoptic coils remain secured to the carrier.

Abstract: A method of resecting a portion of lung using an electrosurgical instrument is disclosed. The electrosurgical device clamps upon lung tissue and applies RF energy to create a cauterized zone within the clamped portion of the lung. At least one staple is placed within the cauterized tissue zone. The cauterized zone is cut adjacent to the at least one staple and the cut portion of the lung is removed.

Abstract: A prosthetic for placement over a defect in tissue includes at least one collagen pad for placement on tissue surrounding the defect. A patch is placeable over the defect and the collagen pad wherein the collagen pad, the patch and the tissue are adhereable to each other upon an application of pressure and energy. Alternatively, the prosthetic can consist of a patch with at least one collagen pad integrally formed with the patch. Another alternative prosthetic includes a patch made of collagen throughout.

Abstract: A method for repairing a defect in tissue includes the steps of placing at least one collagen pad on the tissue surrounding a tissue defect. A prosthetic is then placed over the defect and the collagen pad. Pressure and energy are then applied to the prosthetic at the collagen pad until the tissue and the collagen pad adhere to each other.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument is provided for cauterization and/or welding of tissue of varying impedance, thickness and vascularity especially in the performance of endoscopic procedures. The instrument compresses the tissue between one pole of a bipolar energy source located on one interfacing surface, and a second interfacing surface applying pressure in a predetermined range wherein one of the interfacing surfaces is positioned on an anvil with a specified preload and spring rate. A second pole is located one of the two interfacing surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the second pole is located on the same interfacing surface as the first pole and an insulator electrically isolates the two poles. A preferred application of the invention is in a cutting instrument wherein a hemostatic line is formed along a cut line using RF energy.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument is provided for cauterization and/or welding of tissue of varying impedance, thickness and vascularity especially in the performance of endoscopic procedures. The instrument compresses the tissue between one pole of a bipolar energy source located on one interfacing surface, and a second interfacing surface applying pressure in a predetermined range. A second pole is located one of the two interfacing surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the second pole is located on the same interfacing surface as the first pole and an insulator electrically isolates the two poles. A preferred application of the invention is in a cutting instrument wherein a hemostatic line is formed along a cut line using RF energy.