Abstract: A method for predicting the likelihood a mammal will respond therapeutically to a method of treating cancer comprising administering a VEGFR-2 modulator or a dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 modulator wherein the method comprises: (a) measuring in the mammal the level of FGF2; (b) either comparing the level of FGF2 in the sample relative to a standard to permit assignment of the sample to either being a member of an FGF2 positive class or an FGF2 negative class, or comparing the level of FGF2 in the sample relative to a standard, wherein assignment of the mammal to the FGF2 positive sample class or a determination that the mammal has an elevated level of FGF2, indicates an increased likelihood the patient will respond therapeutically to the cancer treatment. Methods of predicting whether a mammal has received an efficacious dose of a VEGFR-2 modulator or a dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 modulator is also disclosed, in addition to kits comprising these methods.