Abstract: The present invention relates to a steel sheet that can be used in automobiles, etc., and relates to a steel sheet that can ensure improved plating characteristics, and a manufacturing method therefor.

Abstract: A controller is provided to include a processor reading data from a memory device, and a decoder receiving the data and decoding the data, the data being represented with check nodes and variable nodes. The decoder includes a check unit calculating syndrome values, a calculation unit receiving the decision values of the variable nodes and calculating flipping function values, a setting unit receiving the flipping function values and generating a candidate vector by dividing the flipping function values into groups and selecting at least some maximum values from the groups, the setting unit setting a flipping function threshold value, and a flipping unit receiving the flipping function threshold value, comparing the flipping function values of the variable nodes with the flipping function threshold value, and flipping a decision value of a target variable node having a greater flipping function value than the flipping function threshold value.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory system including: a semiconductor memory device suitable for storing a codeword; and an LDPC decoder suitable for decoding the codeword to generate decoded data, wherein the LDPC decoder includes: a message passing decoding component suitable for performing a first decoding operation of decoding the codeword, and calculating the minimum value among numbers of UCNs; and an error path detection component suitable for detecting error path candidates using a tree in which each of UCNs corresponding to the minimum value is set to a root node, sorting the detected error path candidates in ascending order of maximum LLRs, resetting symbol values and LLRs of variable nodes in the error path candidates, and providing the message passing decoding unit with information on the reset symbol values and LLRs.

Abstract: A controller is provided to include a processor reading data from a memory device, and a decoder receiving the data and decoding the data, the data being represented with check nodes and variable nodes. The decoder includes a check unit calculating syndrome values, a calculation unit receiving the decision values of the variable nodes and calculating flipping function values, a setting unit receiving the flipping function values and generating a candidate vector by dividing the flipping function values into groups and selecting at least some maximum values from the groups, the setting unit setting a flipping function threshold value, and a flipping unit receiving the flipping function threshold value, comparing the flipping function values of the variable nodes with the flipping function threshold value, and flipping a decision value of a target variable node having a greater flipping function value than the flipping function threshold value.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory system including: a semiconductor memory device suitable for storing a codeword; and an LDPC decoder suitable for decoding the codeword to generate decoded data, wherein the LDPC decoder includes: a message passing decoding component suitable for performing a first decoding operation of decoding the codeword, and calculating the minimum value among numbers of UCNs; and an error path detection component suitable for detecting error path candidates using a tree in which each of UCNs corresponding to the minimum value is set to a root node, sorting the detected error path candidates in ascending order of maximum LLRs, resetting symbol values and LLRs of variable nodes in the error path candidates, and providing the message passing decoding unit with information on the reset symbol values and LLRs.

Abstract: Disclosed are far-infrared emission powders and resin-coated steel plates with antibacterial activity and far-infrared emission properties. In addition to being 0.9 or higher in emissivity, the far-infrared emission powders are inhibitory against the growth of bacteria, with a pH value of 7.5-10.5 in its saturate aqueous solution. A coating material comprising 5-100 parts by weight of the powder per 100 parts by weight of a resin is coated to a dry thickness of 5-60 &mgr;m on an electromagnetic shield steel plate without interruption of the intrinsic electromagnetic shield properties of the steel plate.

Abstract: Disclosed are far-infrared emission powders and resin-coated steel plates with antibacterial activity and far-infrared emission properties. In addition to being 0.9 or higher in emissivity, the far-infrared emission powders are inhibitory against the growth of bacteria, with a pH value of 7.5-10.5 in its saturate aqueous solution. A coating material comprising 5-100 parts by weight of the powder per 100 parts by weight of a resin is coated to a dry thickness of 5-60 &mgr;m on an electromagnetic shield steel plate without interruption of the intrinsic electromagnetic shield properties of the steel plate.