Abstract: A payment method for purchase of digital currency includes receiving selection information for selecting a specific payment type among a plurality of different payment types related to digital currency, in relation to a user account; registering a payment condition corresponding to the specific payment type to the user account by using the selection information; and starting an electronic payment process to purchase the digital currency for the user account in response to occurrence of a payment event related to the payment condition at the user account.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device, a display panel, and a display device including the same. The semiconductor device includes a lower electrode on one side of a substrate, a spacer on another side of the substrate, a middle electrode on the spacer, a lower channel layer on portions of a sidewall of the spacer, the middle electrode, and the lower electrode, a lower gate insulating layer on the lower channel layer, a common gate electrode on the gate insulating layer, an upper gate insulating layer on the common gate electrode, an upper electrode on the spacer and the upper gate insulating layer of the middle electrode, an upper channel layer connected to the upper electrode and disposed on a sidewall of the upper gate insulating layer, and a contact electrode connected to a portion of the upper channel layer and passing through the lower gate insulating layer and the upper gate insulating layer outside the common gate electrode so as to be connected to the lower electrode.

Abstract: A digital currency payment method for performing a payment related to digital currency used in contents viewing includes monitoring occurrence of a payment event related to a preset payment condition for purchase of the digital currency, in relation to a user account; starting an electronic payment process for purchase of the digital currency with respect to the user account when the payment event has occurred at the user account as a monitoring result; and supplying the digital currency to the user account when the purchase of the digital currency has been completed through the electronic payment process.

Abstract: A display device includes a first base portion in which a first emission area and a non-emission area are defined, a first light emitting element on the first base portion and overlapping the first emission area, a thin film encapsulation layer on the first light emitting element, a second base portion on the thin film encapsulation layer, a first color filter on the second base portion and overlapping the first emission area, a first wavelength conversion pattern on the first color filter and overlapping the first emission area, and a first optical pattern between the first color filter and the first wavelength conversion pattern and overlapping the first emission area. A refractive index of the first optical pattern is smaller than that of the first wavelength conversion pattern, and one surface of the first optical pattern facing the first wavelength conversion pattern is concave toward the second base portion.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing polypropylene. More specifically, provided is a method of efficiently producing high-strength isotactic polypropylene having high crystallinity even with a shorter polymerization time. More specifically, provided is a method of producing polypropylene, including polymerizing propylene in the presence of a catalyst composition including a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, an external electron donor, dialkylaluminum hydride, and trialkylaluminum. The polypropylene has a xylene cold soluble content of 3 wt % or less.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds of Chemical Formula 1, optical isomers of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or the optical isomers. The compounds, isomers, and salts exhibit excellent activity as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In particular, they, as GLP-1 receptor agonists, exhibit excellent glucose tolerance, thus having a great potential to be used as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. Moreover, they exhibit excellent pharmacological safety for cardiovascular systems.

Abstract: A management system and a control method are disclosed to transmit/share fault state information immediately without constructing a separate communication path for transmitting fault state information.

Abstract: A battery system includes first to N-th battery modules sequentially connected in a daisy chain configuration; and a master controller connected to the first battery module through an interface IC, selecting at least one target module among the first to N-th battery modules, and transmitting a control command for the target module. The target module unidirectionally transmits the control command received from the master controller, and bidirectionally transmits response data generated in response to the control command. The master controller selects the N-th battery module as the target module first, and selects the first battery module as the target module last.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising: palmitoylethanolamide; one or more of a pentanediol and a hexanediol; and a butanediol, and the cosmetic composition can allow palmitoylethanolamide to be sufficiently dissolved with the combination of the butanediol and one or more of the pentanediol and hexanediol, alleviate skin irritation caused by the solvent, and exhibit a skin soothing effect due to palmitoylethanolamide.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first pixel including a first organic light emitting diode; an initialization voltage generator for generating a first initialization voltage to be supplied to an anode of the first organic light emitting diode; and a timing controller including a first lookup table in which a plurality of first initialization voltage values corresponding to a plurality of maximum luminances are recorded, the timing controller being configured to determine a value of the first initialization voltage, based on reception information on a target maximum luminance and the first lookup table.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treating a cancer (or a tumor) with an IL-7 protein in combination with a multispecific (e.g., bispecific) antibody.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of treating a cancer (or a tumor) with an IL-7 protein in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, such as a PD-1 antagonist (e.g., anti-PD-1 antibody) or a CTLA-4 antagonist (e.g., anti-CTLA-4 antibody).

Abstract: A display device includes a cradle and a display module. The cradle includes a signal transmission unit configured to transmit an image signal, a housing exposing the signal transmission unit. The display module has a curved shape along a radius of a curvature and includes a signal reception unit configured to receive the image signal, an image display unit configured to display an image based on the image signal, and a second coupling member. The display device is configured to operate in any one of a first state and a second state, in which during the first state, the cradle and the display module are decoupled from each other, and in which during the second state, the first coupling member and the second coupling member are slide-coupled to each other, such that the display module moves along the circumference of a circle of the curvature of the display module.

Abstract: A display device includes a cradle and a display module. The cradle includes a signal transmission unit configured to transmit an image signal, a housing exposing the signal transmission unit. The display module has a curved shape along a radius of a curvature and includes a signal reception unit configured to receive the image signal, an image display unit configured to display an image based on the image signal, and a second coupling member. The display device is configured to operate in any one of a first state and a second state, in which during the first state, the cradle and the display module are decoupled from each other, and in which during the second state, the first coupling member and the second coupling member are slide-coupled to each other, such that the display module moves along the circumference of a circle of the curvature of the display module.

Abstract: In a method of detecting a defect on an object, a preliminary reference image can be obtained from a plurality of comparison regions defined on the object. The preliminary reference image is divided into reference zones by a similar brightness. Each of the reference zones is provided with substantially the same gray level, respectively, to obtain a reference image. Whether a defect exists in an inspection region in the comparison regions is determined using the reference image. Thus, defects in the inspection regions having different brightnesses can be detected using the properly obtained reference image.

Abstract: A test structure includes a transistor, a dummy transistor and a pad unit. The transistor is formed on a first active region of a substrate. The dummy transistor is formed on a second active region of the substrate and electrically connected to the transistor. The pad unit is electrically connected to the transistor. Plasma damage to the transistor is reduced due to the presence of dummy transistor.

Abstract: In a method of detecting a defect on an object, a preliminary reference image can be obtained from a plurality of comparison regions defined on the object. The preliminary reference image is divided into reference zones by a similar brightness. Each of the reference zones is provided with substantially the same gray level, respectively, to obtain a reference image. Whether a defect exists in an inspection region in the comparison regions is determined using the reference image. Thus, defects in the inspection regions having different brightnesses can be detected using the properly obtained reference image.

Abstract: A test structure includes a transistor, a dummy transistor and a pad unit. The transistor is formed on a first active region of a substrate. The dummy transistor is formed on a second active region of the substrate and electrically connected to the transistor. The pad unit is electrically connected to the transistor. Plasma damage to the transistor is reduced due to the presence of dummy transistor.

Abstract: An isolation layer having a first depth is formed from an upper face of a substrate. Source/drain regions including junctions are formed in the substrate. Each of the junctions has a second depth substantially smaller than the first depth. A first recess is formed in the substrate by a first etching process. A protection layer pattern is formed on a sidewall of the first recess. A second recess is formed beneath the first recess. The second recess has a width substantially larger than that of the first recess. The second recess is formed by a second etching process using an etching gas containing an SF6 gas, a Cl2 gas and an O2 gas. A gate insulation layer is formed on surfaces of the first and the second recesses. The second recess having an enlarged shape may reduce a width of the junction between the gate electrode and the isolation layer so that a leakage current generated through the junction may decrease.