Abstract: The present invention relates to an auxiliary precursor, a thin film precursor composition, a method of forming a thin film using the thin film precursor composition, and a semiconductor substrate fabricated using the method. The present invention provides the thin film precursor composition including a thin film precursor compound and a compound having a predetermined structure that exhibits reaction stability as the auxiliary precursor. By using the thin film precursor composition in a thin film deposition process, side reactions may be suppressed, and thin film growth rate may be appropriately controlled. In addition, since process by-products are removed from a thin film, even when a thin film is formed on a substrate having a complicated structure, step coverage and the thickness uniformity and resistivity characteristics of the thin film may be greatly improved.

Abstract: A method for controlling an application using an electronic device is provided. The method includes providing a message application through the electronic device. The method also includes acquiring a message list comprising information about one or more messages transmitted or received by the electronic device, based on an input configured to transmit a file to an external device for the electronic device through the message application. The method further includes attaching to the message application at least a part of message information about the at least one message as the file, based on an input of selecting at least one message among the message list.

Abstract: A method for controlling an application using an electronic device is provided. The method includes providing a message application through the electronic device. The method also includes acquiring a message list comprising information about one or more messages transmitted or received by the electronic device, based on an input configured to transmit a file to an external device for the electronic device through the message application. The method further includes attaching to the message application at least a part of message information about the at least one message as the file, based on an input of selecting at least one message among the message list.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for synchronizing the keep-alive packet transmission timings of the direct push applications are provided to improve an electric current consumption characteristic. The method includes detecting a network event, synchronizing transmission timings of keep-alive packets of direct push applications with reference to an occurrence time of the network event, and transmitting the keep-alive packets of the direct push application at a synchronized transmission timing simultaneously.