Abstract: An intake air guide device for a vehicle includes an air guide surrounding the outside of a heat exchanger mounted on a front portion of a vehicle and extending forward to guide an airflow so that the air flowing into the front portion of the vehicle flows into the heat exchanger, and a sealing guide extending backward from the front portion of the vehicle to surround the air guide in a state of being spaced apart from the outside, and extending inward or outward to overlap the air guide.

Abstract: A method for determining driving resistance in an insufficient warm-up state includes measuring driving data including at least first rolling resistance when a vehicle travels to include at least one constant-speed driving section in an insufficient warm-up state and determining a second rolling resistance based on the first rolling resistance measured in the constant-speed driving section, wherein the second rolling resistance is a rolling resistance predicted in the sufficient warm-up state.

Abstract: A method for determining driving resistance in an insufficient warm-up state includes measuring driving data including at least first rolling resistance when a vehicle travels to include at least one constant-speed driving section in an insufficient warm-up state and determining a second rolling resistance based on the first rolling resistance measured in the constant-speed driving section, wherein the second rolling resistance is a rolling resistance predicted in the sufficient warm-up state.

Abstract: A high precision position estimation method through a road shape classification-based map matching implemented by a high precision position estimation system of an autonomous vehicle includes classifying a road into a straight lane, a curved lane, and a clothoid curve lane by the lane matching between a sensor lane segment and a map lane segment, generating a movement amount value calculated by applying a geometric feature-based map matching or an optimization-based map matching to the classified lane as a covariance matrix, and calculating the latitude, longitude, and traveling direction of a vehicle to be estimated by combining the covariance matrix with sensor measurement values of a vehicle speed and a yaw rate by an extended Kalman filter.

Abstract: An intake air guide device for a vehicle includes an air guide surrounding the outside of a heat exchanger mounted on a front portion of a vehicle and extending forward to guide an airflow so that the air flowing into the front portion of the vehicle flows into the heat exchanger, and a sealing guide extending backward from the front portion of the vehicle to surround the air guide in a state of being spaced apart from the outside, and extending inward or outward to overlap the air guide.

Abstract: A method of evaluating integrated running energy of a vehicle in a wind tunnel may include estimating change in fuel efficiency according to change of vehicle parts thereby facilitating precise measurement of running energy.

Abstract: A high precision position estimation method through a road shape classification-based map matching implemented by a high precision position estimation system of an autonomous vehicle includes classifying a road into a straight lane, a curved lane, and a clothoid curve lane by the lane matching between a sensor lane segment and a map lane segment, generating a movement amount value calculated by applying a geometric feature-based map matching or an optimization-based map matching to the classified lane as a covariance matrix, and calculating the latitude, longitude, and traveling direction of a vehicle to be estimated by combining the covariance matrix with sensor measurement values of a vehicle speed and a yaw rate by an extended Kalman filter.

Abstract: A method of evaluating integrated running energy of a vehicle in a wind tunnel may include estimating change in fuel efficiency according to change of vehicle parts thereby facilitating precise measurement of running energy.

Abstract: A tiltable active air flap assembly may include an air flap unit having a plurality of air flaps rotatably installed in a manner of being arranged parallel to each other and rotating simultaneously such that running wind flows into an engine room through a radiator grille of a vehicle or the running wind is blocked; a drive motor; a power transmission means for transmitting rotational force of the drive motor to any one of the plurality of air flaps; and a tilting means for moving any one of upper and lower ends of the air flap unit along a longitudinal direction of the vehicle when each of the air flaps rotates to close the radiator grille.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a gate spacer that defines a trench on a substrate and includes an upper part and a lower part, a gate insulating film that extends along sidewalls and a bottom surface of the trench and is not in contact with the upper part of the gate spacer, a lower conductive film that extends on the gate insulating film along the sidewalls and the bottom surface of the trench and is not overlapped with the upper part of the gate spacer, and an upper conductive film on an uppermost part of the gate insulating film on the lower conductive film.

Abstract: A tiltable active air flap assembly may include an air flap unit having a plurality of air flaps rotatably installed in a manner of being arranged parallel to each other and rotating simultaneously such that running wind flows into an engine room through a radiator grille of a vehicle or the running wind is blocked; a drive motor; a power transmission means for transmitting rotational force of the drive motor to any one of the plurality of air flaps; and a tilting means for moving any one of upper and lower ends of the air flap unit along a longitudinal direction of the vehicle when each of the air flaps rotates to close the radiator grille.

Abstract: An active air flap assembly with improved sealing performance includes a plurality of flaps operated by an actuator for selectively opening and selectively closing a radiator grill installed at the front of a vehicle, a fixed shroud surrounding the outside of the plurality of flaps such that air passing through the radiator grill flows towards the plurality of flaps, the plurality of flaps being fixed to the fixed shroud, and a movable shroud slidably installed on the fixed shroud, the movable shroud being connected to the flaps through an interlocking device and further being slidable toward the front of the vehicle from the fixed shroud by the interlocking device when the flaps are operated.

Abstract: An active air flap assembly with improved sealing performance includes a plurality of flaps operated by an actuator for selectively opening and selectively closing a radiator grill installed at the front of a vehicle, a fixed shroud surrounding the outside of the plurality of flaps such that air passing through the radiator grill flows towards the plurality of flaps, the plurality of flaps being fixed to the fixed shroud, and a movable shroud slidably installed on the fixed shroud, the movable shroud being connected to the flaps through an interlocking device and further being slidable toward the front of the vehicle from the fixed shroud by the interlocking device when the flaps are operated.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a gate spacer that defines a trench on a substrate and includes an upper part and a lower part, a gate insulating film that extends along sidewalls and a bottom surface of the trench and is not in contact with the upper part of the gate spacer, a lower conductive film that extends on the gate insulating film along the sidewalls and the bottom surface of the trench and is not overlapped with the upper part of the gate spacer, and an upper conductive film on an uppermost part of the gate insulating film on the lower conductive film.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a two-way motion type active air flap system of a vehicle, which includes first, second, and third air flaps configured by a combination of a row array of air flaps and a column array of air flaps. The column array of air flaps is opened forward in a revolving manner by the rotational force of a flap rotary actuator, and the row array of air flaps is opened laterally in a sliding by the rotational force of a flap sliding actuator, so that the first, second, and third air flaps control a blast space through which external air passes. Thus, since the front opening and the lateral opening of the air flaps are performed independently, it is possible to fundamentally prevent an adverse effect of causing overcooling and deteriorating aerodynamic performance.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a gate spacer that defines a trench on a substrate and includes an upper part and a lower part, a gate insulating film that extends along sidewalls and a bottom surface of the trench and is not in contact with the upper part of the gate spacer, a lower conductive film that extends on the gate insulating film along the sidewalls and the bottom surface of the trench and is not overlapped with the upper part of the gate spacer, and an upper conductive film on an uppermost part of the gate insulating film on the lower conductive film.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a two-way motion type active air flap system of a vehicle, which includes first, second, and third air flaps configured by a combination of a row array of air flaps and a column array of air flaps. The column array of air flaps is opened forward in a revolving manner by the rotational force of a flap rotary actuator, and the row array of air flaps is opened laterally in a sliding by the rotational force of a flap sliding actuator, so that the first, second, and third air flaps control a blast space through which external air passes. Thus, since the front opening and the lateral opening of the air flaps are performed independently, it is possible to fundamentally prevent an adverse effect of causing overcooling and deteriorating aerodynamic performance.

Abstract: An external active air flap apparatus of a vehicle is provided The external active air flap apparatus removes the gap between the air flaps disposed vertically after sealing an air passage of a radiator grill by the air flaps and minimizes the gap between the air flaps and the radiator grill, thereby improving aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. The external active air flap apparatus includes an air flap positioned at a rear of a radiator grill that rotates to open and close an air passage of the radiator grill. Further, a flap fixing mechanism is mounted on the radiator grill and the air flap contracts the air flap with the radiator grill by applying a wind pressure to the air flap operated to seal the air passage.

Abstract: A first protective layer, a mask layer, a second protective layer and a photoresist layer are sequentially formed on a substrate. A photoresist pattern is formed by partially removing the photoresist layer. An ion implantation mask is formed by sequentially etching the second protective layer, the mask layer and the first protective layer using the photoresist pattern. The ion implantation mask exposes the substrate. Impurities are implanted in an upper portion of the substrate exposed by the ion implantation mask.

Abstract: An external active air flap apparatus of a vehicle is provided The external active air flap apparatus removes the gap between the air flaps disposed vertically after sealing an air passage of a radiator grill by the air flaps and minimizes the gap between the air flaps and the radiator grill, thereby improving aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. The external active air flap apparatus includes an air flap positioned at a rear of a radiator grill that rotates to open and close an air passage of the radiator grill. Further, a flap fixing mechanism is mounted on the radiator grill and the air flap contracts the air flap with the radiator grill by applying a wind pressure to the air flap operated to seal the air passage.