Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and methods related to a Pt/TiO2 catalyst. In one aspect water with a platinum precursor dissolved therein is mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles. The TiO2 nanoparticles with the platinum precursor disposed thereon are heat treated in air to form platinum oxide nanoparticles disposed on the TiO2 nanoparticles. The TiO2 nanoparticles are deposited on a TiO2 substrate to form a structure. The structure is reduced to form platinum nanoparticles disposed on the TiO2 nanoparticles, including: heat treating the structure at about 375° C. to 450° C. with hydrogen being present; cooling the structure from about 375° C. to 450° C. to about 350° C. at about 2° C./minute with hydrogen being present; and cooling the structure from about 350° C. to room temperature at about 1° C./minute to 5° C./minute with hydrogen being present. After the reduction operation, the structure is heat treated in an atmosphere including methylcyclohexane.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to catalysts. In one aspect, a catalyst is a ZnxMy/zeolite catalyst, with ½?x/y?4, and M being a metal from a group Cr, Mo, and W. Zn is an oxide, M is an oxide, and there are at least some ZnMOx oxides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a modification method for titanium-silicalite zeolite (TS-1). The feature of the invention is pretreating the TS-1, after that the TS-1 is modified by the mixture of quaternary ammonium salts and inorganic base. The quaternary ammonium salts mentioned above include tetrapropylammonium fluoride, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium iodide and their mixture. The inorganic base includes LiOH, NaOH and KOH and their mixtures. TS-1 after the modification is aftertreated at last. The invention is universal capable to modify the TS-1 synthesized by any method, especially the TS-1 made with a low cost method. The modification can enhance the catalytic performance on both gas and liquid phase epoxidation of propylene.

Abstract: This invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic chemical synthesis, relating to a modification method for titanium-silicalite zeolite (TS-1). The feature of the invention is pretreating on the TS-1, the TS-1 after pretreatment is modified by the mixture of TPAOH and alkali salts, the alkali salts can be the compounds containing lithium, sodium and potassium element, and then the modification is performed at last. The benefit of the invention is universal capable to modify the TS-1 synthesized by any method, specially the TS-1 with low cost one, the modification can enhance the catalytic performance on both gas and liquid phase epoxidation of propylene.

Abstract: This invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic chemical synthesis, relating to a modification method for titanium-silicalite zeolite (TS-1). The feature of the invention is pretreating the TS-1, after that the TS-1 is modified by the mixture of quaternary ammonium salts and inorganic base. The quaternary ammonium salts mentioned above include tetrapropylammonium fluoride, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium iodide and their mixture. The inorganic base include that LiOH, NaOH and KOH and their mixture. TS-1 after the modification is aftertreated at last. The benefit of the invention is universal capable to modify the TS-1 synthesized by any method, specially the TS-1 with low cost method, the modification can enhance the catalytic performance on both gas and liquid phase epoxidation of propylene.

Abstract: A system is provided for reducing aeroacoustic noise generated by an aircraft having wings equipped with trailing-edge flaps. The system includes a plurality of elastically deformable structures. Each structure is coupled to and along one of the side edges of one of the trailing-edge flaps, and is coupled to a portion of one of the wings that is adjacent to the one of the side edges. The structures elastically deform when the trailing-edge flaps are deployed away from the wings.

Abstract: A novel full piezoelectric multilayer stacked hybrid actuation/transduction system. The system demonstrates significantly-enhanced electromechanical performance by utilizing the cooperative contributions of the electromechanical responses of multilayer stacked negative and positive strain components. Both experimental and theoretical studies indicate that for this system, the displacement is over three times that of a same-sized conventional flextensional actuator/transducer. The system consists of at least 2 layers which include electromechanically active components. The layers are arranged such that when electric power is applied, one layer contracts in a transverse direction while the second layer expands in a transverse direction which is perpendicular to the transverse direction of the first layer. An alternate embodiment includes a third layer.

Abstract: The advanced modified high performance synthetic jet actuator with optimized curvature shape chamber (ASJA-M) is a synthetic jet actuator (SJA) with a lower volume reservoir or chamber. A curved chamber is used, instead of the conventional cylinder chamber, to reduce the dead volume of the jet chamber and increase the efficiency of the synthetic jet actuator. The shape of the curvature corresponds to the maximum displacement (deformation) profile of the electroactive diaphragm. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the ASJA-M will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric actuators.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a high performance, horizontal, zero-net mass-flux, synthetic jet actuator for active control of viscous, separated flow on subsonic and supersonic vehicles. The present invention is a horizontal piezoelectric hybrid zero-net mass-flux actuator, in which all the walls of the chamber are electrically controlled synergistically to reduce or enlarge the volume of the synthetic jet actuator chamber in three dimensions simultaneously and to reduce or enlarge the diameter of orifice of the synthetic jet actuator simultaneously with the reduction or enlargement of the volume of the chamber. The present invention is capable of installation in the wing surface as well as embedding in the wetted surfaces of a supersonic inlet. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the SJA-H will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric actuators.

Abstract: A system is provided for reducing aeroacoustic noise generated by an aircraft having wings equipped with trailing-edge flaps. The system includes a plurality of elastically deformable structures. Each structure is coupled to and along one of the side edges of one of the trailing-edge flaps, and is coupled to a portion of one of the wings that is adjacent to the one of the side edges. The structures elastically deform when the trailing-edge flaps are deployed away from the wings.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a high performance, vertical, zero-net mass-flux, synthetic jet actuator for active control of viscous, separated flow on subsonic and supersonic vehicles. The present invention is a vertical piezoelectric hybrid zero-net mass-flux actuator, in which all the walls of the chamber are electrically controlled synergistically to reduce or enlarge the volume of the synthetic jet actuator chamber in three dimensions simultaneously and to reduce or enlarge the diameter of orifice of the synthetic jet actuator simultaneously with the reduction or enlargement of the volume of the chamber. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the present invention will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric synthetic jet actuators.

Abstract: A novel full piezoelectric multilayer stacked hybrid actuation/transduction system. The system demonstrates significantly-enhanced electromechanical performance by utilizing the cooperative contributions of the electromechanical responses of multilayer stacked negative and positive strain components. Both experimental and theoretical studies indicate that for this system, the displacement is over three times that of a same-sized conventional flextensional actuator/transducer. The system consists of at least 2 layers which include electromechanically active components. The layers are arranged such that when electric power is applied, one layer contracts in a transverse direction while the second layer expands in a transverse direction which is perpendicular to the transverse direction of the first layer. An alternate embodiment includes a third layer.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a high performance, vertical, zero-net mass-flux, synthetic jet actuator for active control of viscous, separated flow on subsonic and supersonic vehicles. The present invention is a vertical piezoelectric hybrid zero-net mass-flux actuator, in which all the walls of the chamber are electrically controlled synergistically to reduce or enlarge the volume of the synthetic jet actuator chamber in three dimensions simultaneously and to reduce or enlarge the diameter of orifice of the synthetic jet actuator simultaneously with the reduction or enlargement of the volume of the chamber. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the present invention will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric synthetic jet actuators.

Abstract: The advanced modified high performance synthetic jet actuator with optimized curvature shape chamber (ASJA-M) is a synthetic jet actuator (SJA) with a lower volume reservoir or chamber. A curved chamber is used, instead of the conventional cylinder chamber, to reduce the dead volume of the jet chamber and increase the efficiency of the synthetic jet actuator. The shape of the curvature corresponds to the maximum displacement (deformation) profile of the electroactive diaphragm. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the ASJA-M will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric actuators.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a high performance, horizontal, zero-net mass-flux, synthetic jet actuator for active control of viscous, separated flow on subsonic and supersonic vehicles. The present invention is a horizontal piezoelectric hybrid zero-net mass-flux actuator, in which all the walls of the chamber are electrically controlled synergistically to reduce or enlarge the volume of the synthetic jet actuator chamber in three dimensions simultaneously and to reduce or enlarge the diameter of orifice of the synthetic jet actuator simultaneously with the reduction or enlargement of the volume of the chamber. The present invention is capable of installation in the wing surface as well as embedding in the wetted surfaces of a supersonic inlet. The jet velocity and mass flow rate for the SJA-H will be several times higher than conventional piezoelectric actuators.

Abstract: A hybrid piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer system includes: (a) first and second symmetric, pre-curved piezoelectric elements mounted separately on a frame so that their concave major surfaces are positioned opposite to each other; and (b) a linear piezoelectric element mounted separately on the frame and positioned between the pre-curved piezoelectric elements. The pre-curved piezoelectric elements and the linear piezoelectric element are spaced from one another and communicate with energy harvesting circuitry having contact points on the frame. The hybrid piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer system has a higher electromechanical energy conversion efficiency than any known piezoelectric transducer.

Abstract: A hybrid piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer system includes: (a) first and second symmetric, pre-curved piezoelectric elements mounted separately on a frame so that their concave major surfaces are positioned opposite to each other; and (b) a linear piezoelectric element mounted separately on the frame and positioned between the pre-curved piezoelectric elements. The pre-curved piezoelectric elements and the linear piezoelectric element are spaced from one another and communicate with energy harvesting circuitry having contact points on the frame. The hybrid piezoelectric energy harvesting transducer system has a higher electromechanical energy conversion efficiency than any known piezoelectric transducer.

Abstract: A hybrid electromechanical actuator has two different types of electromechanical elements, one that expands in a transverse direction when electric power is applied thereto and one that contracts in a transverse direction when electric power is applied thereto. The two electromechanical elements are (i) disposed in relation to one another such that the transverse directions thereof are parallel to one another, and (ii) mechanically coupled to one another at least at two opposing edges thereof. Electric power is applied simultaneously to the elements.

Abstract: A solid carbon has CNTs dispersed therein and is formed about three-dimensionally ordered spherical voids arranged in an opal-like lattice.

Abstract: A solid carbon has CNTs dispersed therein and is formed about three-dimensionally ordered spherical voids arranged in an opal-like lattice.