Abstract: A method of manufacturing a gate structure includes at least the following steps. A gate dielectric layer is formed. A work function layer is deposited on the gate dielectric layer. A barrier layer is formed on the work function layer. A metal layer is deposited on the barrier layer to introduce fluorine atoms into the barrier layer. The barrier layer is formed by at least the following steps. A first TiN layer is formed on the work function layer. A top portion of the first TiN layer is converted into a trapping layer, and the trapping layer includes silicon atoms or aluminum atoms. A second TiN layer is formed on the trapping layer.

Abstract: A gate structure includes a metal layer, a barrier layer, and a work function layer. The barrier layer covers a bottom surface and sidewalls of the metal layer. The barrier layer includes fluorine and silicon, or fluorine and aluminum. The barrier layer is a tri-layered structure. The work function layer surrounds the barrier layer.

Abstract: A fingerprint recognition apparatus including a frontplane, a backplane and a display medium layer is provided. The frontplane includes an upper substrate, a black matrix layer, a color filter layer, and a plurality of filtering elements. The black matrix layer is disposed on the upper substrate, and the color filter layer is disposed on the black matrix layer. The black matrix layer includes a plurality of pixel apertures and a plurality of first apertures. The filtering elements cover the first apertures and the filtering elements. The backplane includes a lower substrate and a sensor layer. The sensor layer includes a plurality of photo sensing elements. The photo sensing elements are configured to receive reflected lights from an object through the first apertures and the filtering elements. Areas of the photo sensing elements are overlapped with the first apertures in a longitudinal direction. The display medium layer is disposed between the frontplane and the backplane.

Abstract: A capacitive image sensing device and a capacitive image sensing method are provided. The capacitive image sensing device includes a sensor array, a first charge amplifier, a second charge amplifier, a differential amplifier and a first switching circuit. The sensor array includes a plurality of sensing electrodes and a first reference sensing electrode. An input terminal of the first charge amplifier is coupled to one of the sensing electrodes. A first input terminal of the differential amplifier is selectively coupled to an output terminal of the first charge amplifier. A second input terminal of the differential amplifier is coupled to an output terminal of the second charge amplifier. The first switching circuit is configured to selectively electrically connect and disconnect the first reference sensing electrode and the input terminal of the second charge amplifier.

Abstract: A capacitive image sensing device and a capacitive image sensing method are provided. The capacitive image sensing device includes a sensor array, a first charge amplifier, a second charge amplifier, a differential amplifier and a first switching circuit. The sensor array includes a plurality of sensing electrodes and a first reference sensing electrode. An input terminal of the first charge amplifier is coupled to one of the sensing electrodes. A first input terminal of the differential amplifier is selectively coupled to an output terminal of the first charge amplifier. A second input terminal of the differential amplifier is coupled to an output terminal of the second charge amplifier. The first switching circuit is configured to selectively electrically connect and disconnect the first reference sensing electrode and the input terminal of the second charge amplifier.

Abstract: An operational amplifier applicable to a display device is provided. The operational amplifier having multiple output stages. The operational amplifier includes an input stage, an output stage selection module and a plurality of output stages. The output stage selection module is coupled to the input stage. Each of the output stages is coupled to the output stage selection module and is coupleable to drive a corresponding one of a plurality of loads. The output stage selection module is configured to selectively couple or discouple each of the output stages respectively to the input stage according to a plurality of selection signal. Furthermore, a load driving apparatus and a grayscale voltage generating circuit are also provided.

Abstract: A source driver, an operation method thereof and a driving circuit using the same are provided. The source driver includes a gamma voltage generating circuit, a first voltage buffer and a reference voltage driving circuit. The gamma voltage generating circuit receives an inter reference voltage to provide a first gray level reference voltage corresponding to a first display gray level. The first voltage buffer is used for receiving the first gray level reference voltage to provide a driving voltage. The reference voltage driving circuit is coupled to the gamma voltage generating circuit and the first voltage buffer and used for accelerating rising speed or falling speed of the first gray level reference voltage.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor device and an operation method thereof are provided. The fingerprint sensor device includes a driving electrode, a driving circuit, a fingerprint sensing plate, a reading circuit and a determination circuit. The driving circuit applies a driving signal to an object through the driving electrode. The fingerprint sensing plate has sensing electrodes configured to sense the object. The reading circuit reads the driving signal through the fingerprint sensing plate. During a period between a rising edge time point and its adjacent falling edge time point of the driving signal, the reading circuit respectively samples the driving signal in at least two different phases to obtain at least two sampling results and outputs a difference value of the at least two sampling results. The determination circuit checks the difference value to determine whether the object to be sensed is a real finger or a fake finger.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of finger touch authentication through a fingerprint sensor. The method includes obtaining a plurality of touch operations through the fingerprint sensor, detecting a pattern of the plurality of touch operations; comparing the pattern with a registered pattern to generate a comparison result, and authenticating the plurality of touch operations on the basis of the comparison result, wherein the pattern indicates at least one feature, and the fingerprint sensor is capable of authenticating a fingerprint of a user after or before the finger touch authentication.

Abstract: A reading device and a reading method for a fingerprint sensor are provided. The reading device includes a switching circuit, a plurality of analog front end (AFE) circuits and a calculation circuit. The switching circuit is coupled to a plurality of pixel units of the fingerprint sensor. The AFE circuits are coupled to the switching circuit. The calculation circuit is coupled to the AFE circuits for calculating a plurality of pixel data of the pixel units. For a first pixel unit among the pixel units, the calculation circuit reads the first pixel unit by using different AFE circuits among the AFE circuits, so as to obtain a plurality of first original sensing values of the first pixel unit. The calculation circuit calculates the pixel data of the first pixel unit according to the plurality of first original sensing values.

Abstract: A fingerprint sensor device and an operation method thereof are provided. The fingerprint sensor device includes a driving electrode, a driving circuit, a fingerprint sensing plate, a reading circuit and a determination circuit. The driving circuit applies a driving signal to an object through the driving electrode. The fingerprint sensing plate has sensing electrodes configured to sense the object. The reading circuit reads the driving signal through the fingerprint sensing plate. During a period between a rising edge time point and its adjacent falling edge time point of the driving signal, the reading circuit respectively samples the driving signal in at least two different phases to obtain at least two sampling results and outputs a difference value of the at least two sampling results. The determination circuit checks the difference value to determine whether the object to be sensed is a real finger or a fake finger.

Abstract: A reading device and a reading method for a fingerprint sensor are provided. The reading device includes a switching circuit, a plurality of analog front end (AFE) circuits and a calculation circuit. The switching circuit is coupled to a plurality of pixel units of the fingerprint sensor. The AFE circuits are coupled to the switching circuit. The calculation circuit is coupled to the AFE circuits for calculating a plurality of pixel data of the pixel units. For a first pixel unit among the pixel units, the calculation circuit reads the first pixel unit by using different AFE circuits among the AFE circuits, so as to obtain a plurality of first original sensing values of the first pixel unit. The calculation circuit calculates the pixel data of the first pixel unit according to the plurality of first original sensing values.

Abstract: An operational amplifier applicable to a display device is provided. The operational amplifier having multiple output stages. The operational amplifier includes an input stage, an output stage selection module and a plurality of output stages. The output stage selection module is coupled to the input stage. Each of the output stages is coupled to the output stage selection module and is coupleable to drive a corresponding one of a plurality of loads. The output stage selection module is configured to selectively couple or discouple each of the output stages respectively to the input stage according to a plurality of selection signal. Furthermore, a load driving apparatus and a grayscale voltage generating circuit are also provided.

Abstract: A load driving apparatus for driving a plurality of loads is provided. The load driving apparatus includes an output stage module, a load driving module, and an output stage selection module. The output stage module includes a plurality of output stages. Each of the output stages is coupled to a corresponding one of the loads. The load driving module is coupled to the output stage module and outputs a driving signal to drive one of the loads through the output stage module. The output stage selection module is coupled between the output stage module and the load driving module and selects one of the output stages in the output stage module, so that the load driving module drives the load which is coupled to the selected output stage through the selected output stage. Furthermore, a grayscale voltage generating circuit including the foregoing load driving apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog convertor for a driving module of a display device is disclosed. The digital-to-analog convertor includes a plurality of switches, forming a tree structure with a plurality of stages for outputting one of a plurality of gamma voltages to an output end according to a plurality of bits of a digital input signal; and a bypass unit, coupled between a first output end of a first switch in the plurality of switches and the output end for adjusting a connection between the first output end and the output end according to a most significant bit in among the plurality of bits and the bits between the most significant bit and a first bit controlling the first switch in among the plurality of bits.

Abstract: An operational amplifier, including an input stage circuit, an output stage circuit and a constant-gm circuit is provided. The input stage circuit provides a driving voltage according to an input voltage. Input terminals of the output stage circuit receive the driving voltage, and an output terminal of the output stage circuit provides an output voltage according to the driving voltage. The constant-gm circuit includes a constant-gm switch circuit, a current mirror circuit and a current mirror switch circuit. The constant-gm switch circuit controls the operation of the constant-gm circuit. The constant-gm switch circuit allows the current mirror circuit to operate during a transient time when the driving voltage is transited according to the driving voltage, so as to provide a compensated current for the input stage circuit. When the driving voltage is during a non-transient time, the current mirror switch circuit turns off the current mirror circuit.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog convertor for a driving module of a display device is disclosed. The digital-to-analog convertor includes a plurality of switches, forming a tree structure with a plurality of stages for outputting one of a plurality of gamma voltages to an output end according to a plurality of bits of a digital input signal; and a bypass unit, coupled between a first output end of a first switch in the plurality of switches and the output end for adjusting a connection between the first output end and the output end according to a most significant bit in among the plurality of bits and the bits between the most significant bit and a first bit controlling the first switch in among the plurality of bits.

Abstract: A load driving apparatus including a first driving unit, a second driving unit, and a circuit switch module is disclosed. The first and the second driving unit are respectively disposed at a first driving channel and a second driving channel and respectively output a first driving signal and a second driving signal for driving a first load and a second load during a channel output period. The circuit switch module is coupled between the first and the second driving channel and includes a plurality of signal transmitting paths. During a data loading period and a charge sharing period, the circuit switch module turns on all the signal transmitting paths, so that a charge sharing effect between the first load and the second load is achieved during the charge sharing period and accordingly the power consumption is reduced. Additionally, a load driving method of the load driving apparatus is disclosed.

Abstract: A source driver, an operation method thereof and a driving circuit using the same are provided. The source driver includes a gamma voltage generating circuit, a first voltage buffer and a reference voltage driving circuit. The gamma voltage generating circuit receives an inter reference voltage to provide a first gray level reference voltage corresponding to a first display gray level. The first voltage buffer is used for receiving the first gray level reference voltage to provide a driving voltage. The reference voltage driving circuit is coupled to the gamma voltage generating circuit and the first voltage buffer and used for accelerating rising speed or falling speed of the first gray level reference voltage.

Abstract: An output buffer circuit for avoiding voltage overshoot includes an input stage, an output bias circuit, an output stage, a clamp circuit, and a control unit. The input stage includes a positive input terminal, for receiving an input voltage, and a negative input terminal. The input stage generates a current signal according to the input voltage. The output bias circuit is coupled to the input stage, for generating a dynamic bias according to the current signal. The output stage is coupled to the input stage and the output bias circuit, including an output terminal, reversely coupled to the positive input terminal, and at least one output transistor, coupled to the output bias circuit and the output terminal, for providing a driving current to the output terminal according to the dynamic bias to generate an output voltage.