Abstract: Provided a liquid crystal composition including ceramide, a method of preparing the same, and a cosmetic composition including the same. According to a liquid crystal composition including various types of ceramide of an aspect and a method of preparing the same, the liquid crystal composition not only has high liquid crystal stability that liquid crystal is maintained even after 4 weeks at a high temperature, but also activities of increasing an amount of ceramide, increasing an expression level of aquaporin 3, increasing an amount of filaggrin, increasing an expression level of hyaluronic acid, increasing an expression level of loricrin, increasing an expression level of involucrin, and increasing a thickness of the skin, resulting in effects usefully available for amelioration of the skin conditions.

Abstract: There is provided a nonvolatile memory device having improved crack detection reliability. The nonvolatile memory device comprises word lines that extend in a first direction, cell contact plugs that are electrically connected to the word lines and extend in a second direction intersecting the first direction, a net crack detection circuit that is on the word lines and is not in contact with the word lines, and a ring crack detection circuit that is on the word lines and is not in contact with the word lines, wherein the net crack detection circuit is electrically connected to a crack detection transistor in a peripheral circuit region, the ring crack detection circuit includes a first crack detection metal wiring that extends in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, and a second crack detection metal wiring that extends in the third direction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating a substrate are provided. The apparatus includes at least one first process chamber configured to supply a developer onto the substrate; at least one second process chamber configured to treat the substrate using a supercritical fluid; a transfer chamber configured to transfer the substrate from the at least one first process chamber to the at least one second process chamber, while the developer supplied in the at least one first process chamber remains on the substrate; and a temperature and humidity control system configured to manage temperature and humidity of the transfer chamber by supplying a first gas of constant temperature and humidity into the transfer chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an apparatus and method for alternating electric fields therapy using an optimization algorithm, and an apparatus for alternating electric fields therapy for treating tumors in a patient by applying electric fields to the tumors and normal tissues using one or more pairs of electrode pads containing most of the electrodes and including an image classifier to classify at least one organ in the patient's image for each organ, and an electric field optimizer to set the number and position of the applied electrodes based on the classified tumors and normal tissues, arrange the electrodes on electrode pads of preset size, and determine different magnitudes of voltage for the set of electrodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an apparatus and method for alternating electric fields therapy using an optimization algorithm, and an apparatus for alternating electric fields therapy for treating tumors in a patient by applying electric fields to the tumors and normal tissues using one or more pairs of electrode pads containing most of the electrodes and including an image classifier to classify at least one organ in the patient's image for each organ, and an electric field optimizer to set the number and position of the applied electrodes based on the classified tumors and normal tissues, arrange the electrodes on electrode pads of preset size, and determine different magnitudes of voltage for the set of electrodes.

Abstract: There are provided a refrigerator and a method of controlling the same. When a difference between a temperature of an inside of a freezer compartment and a set temperature is referred to as a first error temperature and when a difference between a temperature of an inside of a refrigerator compartment and the set temperature is referred to as a second error temperature, the method of controlling a refrigerator includes varying stroke of an inverter linear compressor to operate the inverter linear compressor by a maximum output when the first or second error temperature is higher than a maximum output temperature and varying the stroke of the inverter linear compressor at least once in a freezer or refrigerator cycle one period to operate the inverter linear compressor when the first or second error temperature is no more than the maximum output temperature.

Abstract: There are provided a refrigerator and a method of controlling the same. The method of controlling a refrigerator includes varying stroke of an inverter linear compressor to operate the inverter linear compressor by a maximum output when a temperature of an inside of a freezer compartment or a refrigerator compartment is higher than a maximum output temperature and varying the stroke of the inverter linear compressor at one period interval to operate the inverter linear compressor when the temperature of the inside of the freezer compartment or the refrigerator compartment is no more than the maximum output temperature.

Abstract: According to a method of controlling a refrigerator in accordance with the present invention, after the refrigerating chamber and the freezing chamber are operated at the same time, refrigerant recovery is performed and the refrigerating chamber is then cooled. Accordingly, imbalance due to the pressure difference between the refrigerating chamber evaporator and the freezing chamber evaporator can be solved. Further, there is an advantage in that the refrigerating chamber can be cooled rapidly since refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerating chamber smoothly.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an operation of a reciprocating compressor are disclosed in which a frequency is variably controlled to uniformly maintain a phase difference between current and stroke, a load is determined with a size of frequency at a point of time when the phase difference between the current and the stroke is uniformly maintained, and capacity is varied according to the determined load, to thus improve an operation efficiency. The apparatus for controlling an operation of a reciprocating compressor includes: a control unit for detecting a phase difference between current and stroke and outputting a frequency variable signal or a frequency detect signal based on the detected phase difference; a load detecting unit for detecting a current operation load according to the frequency detect signal; and a stroke reference value determining unit for determining a stroke reference value corresponding to the detected load.

Abstract: An operation controlling apparatus for a reciprocating compressor, and a method thereof, which are capable of accurately controlling the reciprocating compressor by sensing a size of a load applied to the reciprocating compressor and a stroke estimation value of the reciprocating compressor and then compensating a parameter of a motor in the reciprocating compressor based upon the sensing, the operation controlling apparatus comprising a controlling unit a controlling unit for comparing a phase difference between a detected current and a stroke with a reference phase difference to determine a size of a load, and outputting, according to the determined size of the load, a compensation control signal to compensate a parameter of a motor and a stroke control signal to control the stroke.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an operation of a reciprocating compressor, includes: a control unit for detecting a current pushed amount of a piston when a TDC is detected as an inflection point of a phase difference between stroke and current, comparing the current pushed amount with a pushed amount reference value, and applying a DC voltage applied to a linear motor based on the comparison result. An AC voltage and a DC voltage are applied to the linear motor to increase the stroke, and when the TDC is detected, the current pushed amount is calculated and compared with the pushed amount reference value, and then, the DC voltage or a DC current applied to the linear motor is varied based on the comparison result, thereby obtaining a maximum compression volume without collision of the piston.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an operation of a linear compressor by detecting a phase difference inflection point at a time point when a phase difference between a current and a stroke is placed within a certain region, and by recognizing the phase difference infection point as a top dead center (TDC)=O.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an operation of a reciprocating compressor are disclosed in which a point of inflection with respect to an operation frequency of the reciprocating compressor is detected at a point of time when a phase difference between current and stroke is uniformly maintained, and an operation of the reciprocating compressor is controlled upon recognizing the detected point of inflection with respect to the operation frequency as a point TDC=O. The apparatus for controlling an operation of a reciprocating compressor includes: a control unit for detecting a phase difference between current and stroke and outputting a frequency inflection point detect signal or a frequency variable signal; and a stroke reference value control unit for determining whether a frequency inflection point has been detected or not according to the frequency inflection point detect signal and outputting a stroke reference value control signal based on the determining result.

Abstract: There are provided a refrigerator and a method of controlling the same. The method of controlling a refrigerator includes varying stroke of an inverter linear compressor to operate the inverter linear compressor by a maximum output when a temperature of an inside of a freezer compartment or a refrigerator compartment is higher than a maximum output temperature and varying the stroke of the inverter linear compressor at one period interval to operate the inverter linear compressor when the temperature of the inside of the freezer compartment or the refrigerator compartment is no more than the maximum output temperature.

Abstract: According to a method of controlling a refrigerator in accordance with the present invention, after the refrigerating chamber and the freezing chamber are operated at the same time, refrigerant recovery is performed and the refrigerating chamber is then cooled. Accordingly, imbalance due to the pressure difference between the refrigerating chamber evaporator and the freezing chamber evaporator can be solved. Further, there is an advantage in that the refrigerating chamber can be cooled rapidly since refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerating chamber smoothly.

Abstract: There are provided a refrigerator and a method of controlling the same. When a difference between a temperature of an inside of a freezer compartment and a set temperature is referred to as a first error temperature and when a difference between a temperature of an inside of a refrigerator compartment and the set temperature is referred to as a second error temperature, the method of controlling a refrigerator includes varying stroke of an inverter linear compressor to operate the inverter linear compressor by a maximum output when the first or second error temperature is higher than a maximum output temperature and varying the stroke of the inverter linear compressor at least once in a freezer or refrigerator cycle one period to operate the inverter linear compressor when the first or second error temperature is no more than the maximum output temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling an operation of a reciprocating compressor which can improve operational efficiency of the reciprocating compressor are provided. The apparatus for controlling the operation of the reciprocating compressor includes a resonance frequency operation unit for calculating a mechanical resonance frequency of the reciprocating compressor, an operating frequency reference value generation unit for comparing the calculated mechanical resonance frequency with a current operating frequency of the reciprocating compressor, and generating an operating frequency reference value according to the comparison result, and a controller for controlling a motor of the reciprocating compressor according to the generated operating frequency reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a compressor includes a stroke calculator for calculating a stroke estimate value of a compressor based on a value of a current applied to a motor of the compressor and a value of a voltage applied to the motor of the compressor; an operation frequency reference determining unit for integrating the stroke estimate value to output an integrated stroke value, detecting a mechanical resonance frequency of the compressor based on the integrated stroke estimate value and the current value, and determining the detected mechanical resonance frequency as an operation frequency reference value; and a controller for varying a current operation frequency of the compressor according to the determined operation frequency reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an operation of a compressor includes: a back electromotive force calculator for calculating a back electromotive force of a compressor based on a value of a current applied to a motor of the compressor and a value of a voltage applied to the motor of the compressor; an operation frequency reference value determining unit for detecting a mechanical resonance frequency of the compressor based on the back electromotive force value and the current value and determining the detected mechanical resonance frequency as an operation frequency reference value; and a controller for varying an operation frequency of the compressor according to the determined operation frequency reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an operation of a reciprocating compressor, includes: a control unit for detecting a current pushed amount of a piston when a TDC is detected as an inflection point of a phase difference between stroke and current, comparing the current pushed amount with a pushed amount reference value, and applying a DC voltage applied to a linear motor based on the comparison result. An AC voltage and a DC voltage are applied to the linear motor to increase the stroke, and when the TDC is detected, the current pushed amount is calculated and compared with the pushed amount reference value, and then, the DC voltage or a DC current applied to the linear motor is varied based on the comparison result, thereby obtaining a maximum compression volume without collision of the piston.