Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate that includes an element separation film, an active region defined by the element separation film and arranged in a first direction, and a trench positioned across the active region and the element separation film, a bit line contact that is positioned within the trench and is connected to the active region, a bit line structure that is connected to the substrate through the bit line contact and that extends in a second direction different from the first direction across the active region, and a first contact spacer, a second contact spacer, and a third contact spacer within the trench and around the bit line contact, the first contact spacer being continuous within the trench, and each of the second contact spacer and the third contact spacer being separated into at least two discrete parts within the trench.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a swap memory device configured to communicate with a host device and a main memory device. The method includes receiving, from the host device, a request corresponding to target data, determining, by the swap memory device, a first address of the target data and a second address of a target data block that includes the target data, based on the request, providing, by the swap memory device, the target data to the host device based on the first address, and providing, by the swap memory device, the target data block to the main memory device based on the second address.

Abstract: A substrate bonding apparatus includes a first bonding chuck having a first base, a deformable plate on the first base to support a first substrate, and a lower pressurer under the first base to apply pressure to the deformable plate, and a second bonding chuck vertically spaced apart from the first bonding chuck and having a second base to fix a second substrate, and an upper pressurer to apply pressure to the second substrate. The deformable plate includes an outer portion surrounding a center portion, a bottom surface of the outer portion of the deformable plate being adhered to the first base, the center portion being deformable in the vertical direction by the lower pressurer, and thicknesses of the center and outer portions of the deformable plate in the vertical direction being different from each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an adhesion force, the apparatus comprising a stage configured to support a specimen, and a sensor adhered to the specimen, wherein the sensor detects the adhesion force of the specimen, the adhesion force of the specimen being a force for detaching the sensor from the specimen.

Abstract: A method and a device capable of supporting various display methods using an electronic device and/or glasses-type wearable electronic device (e.g., AR glasses) in an augmented reality (AR) are provided. An AR providing device for AR services includes a display and a processor. The processor is configured to provide content through an AR screen, detect a specified external object through the AR screen while providing the content, determine a display mode for providing the content, based on detection of the specified external object, control to display the content through a display of the specified external object, based on the determined display mode, and perform control to display the content through a virtual display area associated with the specified external object on the AR screen, based on the determined display mode.

Abstract: A method of queuing command comprises: comparing a first virtual time of a first command with a second virtual time of a second command and obtaining a comparison result; determining a standard global virtual time from the first virtual time and the second virtual time on the basis of the comparison result; and sending each of the first and second commands to one of a first priority class queue, a second priority class queue, and a third priority class queue, based on a difference between the first virtual time and the global virtual time, and a difference between the second virtual time and the global virtual time, wherein each of the first to third priority class queues has processing speeds that differ from each other.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate, a rear substrate positioned opposite the front substrate, and a barrier rib that is positioned between the front substrate and the rear substrate to partition discharge cells. The barrier rib includes a transverse barrier rib and a longitudinal barrier rib crossing each other. Depressions are positioned to be spaced apart from each other at a barrier crossing of the transverse barrier rib and the longitudinal barrier rib.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel includes a front substrate, a rear substrate positioned opposite the front substrate, and a barrier rib that is positioned between the front substrate and the rear substrate to partition discharge cells. The barrier rib includes a transverse barrier rib and a longitudinal barrier rib crossing each other. Depressions are positioned to be spaced apart from each other at a barrier crossing of the transverse barrier rib and the longitudinal barrier rib.