Abstract: In a method for treating a cancer expressing secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a composition including an albumin and at least one cysteine bound thereto is administered to a subject in need thereof. The cancer expressing the SPARC may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a brain tumor, melanoma, breast cancer, rectal cancer and stomach cancer.

Abstract: Provided are a memory access method and a server for performing the same. A memory access method performed by an optical interleaver included in a server includes receiving a request message from a requester processing engine included in the server, setting receiving buffers corresponding to different wavelengths corresponding to the number of external memory/storage devices connected to the server, multiplexing the same request message at the different wavelengths according to a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) scheme, and transmitting the multiplexed request messages to the respective external memory/storage devices, wherein an address of a virtual memory managed by the server is separated and stored according to an interleaving scheme by a responder included in each of the external memory/storage devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for allocating a memory address in a resource-centric network are disclosed. The method of allocating a memory address may include receiving a request for a new service, determining whether the new service is able to be accommodated in a virtual memory that is pre-allocated in a resource-centric network, when the new service is able to be accommodated, allocating a memory area for accommodating the new service to the virtual memory, and when the new service is not able to be accommodated, allocating the memory area by using an additionally allocated area of a virtual memory of the resource-centric network.

Abstract: Provided are a memory access method and a server for performing the same. A memory access method performed by an optical interleaver included in a server includes receiving a request message from a requester processing engine included in the server, setting receiving buffers corresponding to different wavelengths corresponding to the number of external memory/storage devices connected to the server, multiplexing the same request message at the different wavelengths according to a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) scheme, and transmitting the multiplexed request messages to the respective external memory/storage devices, wherein an address of a virtual memory managed by the server is separated and stored according to an interleaving scheme by a responder included in each of the external memory/storage devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are a disaggregated data center resource management method and apparatus. A resource management method in a disaggregated data center includes receiving a resource allocation request from a client; generating allocated resource information about a computing resource and a memory resource which configure a virtual server in one rack of the data center according to the resource allocation request and optical path setting information for optical path connection of the computing resource and the memory resource; updating a resource management table for the computing resource and the memory resource; and transmitting a resource connection setting message including the allocated resource information and the optical path setting information to the computing resource and the memory resource.

Abstract: A memory access controlling device and method in a parallel processing system are disclosed. The memory access controlling device includes an optical transceiver configured to receive an optical signal including a memory access frame from an optical circuit switch (OCS), a memory access controller configured to perform a scheduling operation and a memory access control operation based on the memory access frame and transmit a memory processing instruction and memory address information to a memory controller, and the memory controller configured to perform at least one of memory data read or memory data write based on the memory processing instruction and the memory address information. The memory access controller includes a plurality of header processors and is configured to control memory processing instructions to be performed in sequential order based on connection information between each of the header processors and a target memory.

Abstract: A system for cooperation of disaggregated computing resources interconnected through an optical circuit, and a method for cooperation of disaggregated resources are disclosed. Functional block devices such as a processor block, an accelerator block, and a memory fabric block exist at a remote location, and these three types of remote functional block devices are interconnected and interoperated in a specific program to perform a cooperative computation and processing process. Accordingly, the system shares data and information of a memory existing in each block through optical signal interconnection that provides low-latency, fast processing, and wide bandwidth, and maintains cooperation and memory coherency.

Abstract: A scheduling method for switching including receiving an allocation request for a time slot from input nodes to which the time slot is not allocated, receiving property information of at least one of virtual output queues (VOQs) in which data received by the input nodes is stored, determining a transmission priority of the VOQs for transmission of the data stored in the VOQs based on the received property information of the VOQs, determining input nodes to which the time slot is to be allocated using outputter arbiters for output nodes corresponding to the VOQs, allocating the time slot to the determined input nodes, and updating elements used to allocate the time slot with respect to input nodes for which the allocating of the time slot is completed and output nodes for which the allocating of the time slot is completed.

Abstract: An optical switching control method and apparatus. The method includes generating an optical switching path corresponding to a destination node of service traffic flowing from an external service network, generating an optical frame corresponding to the generated optical switching path, transmitting, to a control server, a request message for requesting an allocation of a time slot to transmit the generated optical frame, generating an optical signal having a predetermined wavelength to transmit the optical frame in response to an admission message being received as a result of admission with respect to the request message, and transferring the optical frame to the destination node based on the optical switching path using the generated optical signal.

Abstract: A scheduling method for switching including receiving an allocation request for a time slot from input nodes to which the time slot is not allocated, receiving property information of at least one of virtual output queues (VOQs) in which data received by the input nodes is stored, determining a transmission priority of the VOQs for transmission of the data stored in the VOQs based on the received property information of the VOQs, determining input nodes to which the time slot is to be allocated using outputter arbiters for output nodes corresponding to the VOQs, allocating the time slot to the determined input nodes, and updating elements used to allocate the time slot with respect to input nodes for which the allocating of the time slot is completed and output nodes for which the allocating of the time slot is completed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a communication method, a zone scheduler performing thereof, and an inter-zone scheduling coordinator (IZSC). A communication method performed by a zone scheduler may include transmitting an inter-zone scheduling request to an IZSC in response to an occurrence of an inter-zone traffic with respect to another zone scheduler, receiving an inter-zone matching pattern and information on a time slot from the IZSC, and transmitting the inter-zone traffic to the other zone scheduler by performing scheduling based on the inter-zone matching pattern in the time slot.

Abstract: An optical switching control method and apparatus. The method includes generating an optical switching path corresponding to a destination node of service traffic flowing from an external service network, generating an optical frame corresponding to the generated optical switching path, transmitting, to a control server, a request message for requesting an allocation of a time slot to transmit the generated optical frame, generating an optical signal having a predetermined wavelength to transmit the optical frame in response to an admission message being received as a result of admission with respect to the request message, and transferring the optical frame to the destination node based on the optical switching path using the generated optical signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a photonic frame from input packet data based on a wavelength, a space and a time and for transmitting an optical signal based on a structure of the photonic frame. The apparatus includes a classifier configured to classify input packet signals based on destination information of the packet signals, and a processor configured to generate a first frame by converting each of the classified packet signals to a photonic frame based on at least one of wavelength information and port information available for each of the packet signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for protection switching in an optical transport network (OTN) includes: a working path interface module configured to check, via a working path for protection switching, connectivity of a first end node and a corresponding second end node; and a protecting path interface module configured to check connectivity of the first end node and the second node via a protection path for protection switching. Upon confirming the connectivity, the working path interface module and the protection path interface module exchange bandwidth resize (BWR) coordination information with each other and simultaneously output an ODUflex bandwidth control signal based on the exchanged BWR coordination information.

Abstract: A communication terminal performing protection switching in a shared mesh network is provided. The communication terminal configured to transmit and receive data traffic associated with a first working path may include a processor configured to encode, in an optical channel data unit (ODU) including the data traffic, a first operation command message to be received from a first end node, and a communicator configured to transmit the ODU to a neighboring node, in which the first end node is present in a second working path.

Abstract: An apparatus for protection switching in an optical transport network (OTN) includes: a working path interface module configured to check, via a working path for protection switching, connectivity of a first end node and a corresponding second end node; and a protecting path interface module configured to check connectivity of the first end node and the second node via a protection path for protection switching. Upon confirming the connectivity, the working path interface module and the protection path interface module exchange bandwidth resize (BWR) coordination information with each other and simultaneously output an ODUflex bandwidth control signal based on the exchanged BWR coordination information.

Abstract: There is provided a method for resizing a network connection in an optical transport network that supports protection switching and receives a flexible Optical channel Data (ODUflex(GFP)) signal. In addition, Hitless Adjustment of ODUflex(GFP) (HAO) procedure includes Suppress Bandwidth Resize (SBR) information that prevents a Bandwidth Resize (BWR) protocol from being initiated. Based on the SBR information, only the LCR protocol is executed at nodes located on a protection path for protection switching, except for the BWR protocol. On the other hand, both the LCR protocol and the BWR protocol are executed at nodes located on a working path.

Abstract: There is provided a method for resizing a network connection in an optical transport network that supports protection switching and receives a flexible Optical channel Data Unit (ODUflex(GFP)) signal. In addition, at nodes located on a protection path for protection switching, only a Link Connection Resize (LCR) protocol, except for a Bandwidth Resize (BWR) protocol, of Hitless Adjustment of ODUflex(GFP) (HAO) procedure is executed. On the other hand, both the LCR protocol and the BWR protocol are executed at nodes located on a working path for protection switching.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring a delay. The apparatus for measuring a delay includes an overhead inserting unit configured to inserting a time stamp into an overhead of a multiframe to be transmitted from a first location to a second location; an overhead extracting unit configured to extract a time stamp from an overhead of a multiframe received from the second location, the time stamp including bypass delay information of the second location; and a delay measuring unit configured to measure a round trip delay between the first location and the second location using the inserted time stamp and the extracted time stamp and adjust the measured round trip delay using the extracted bypass delay information.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus and method for serial and parallel channel interworking in an optical transport network are provided. The transmission apparatus for serial and parallel channel interworking ensures interworking between parallel optical modules or between parallel and serial optical modules, regardless of a protocol, without having to add logics or with only a minimum number of logics, in order to manufacture a small-size optical module with low power consumption.